Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote rapid-cycling Brassica napus growth under cadmium stress.

Purpose: To explore the mechanisms of tolerance of Brassica napus to ultra-high concentration cadmium pollution and the synergistic effects of biochar (BC) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth under cadmium (Cd) stress.

Results: The application of 5 % BC and inoculation with 10 g AMF significantly promoted the growth and development of B. napus.