Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mortality burden: Predictions for 2030 based on Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis of China and global mortality burden from 1990 to 2019.

Aims: This study assessed diabetes (type 1 and type 2) mortality in China and globally from 1990 to 2019, predicting the next decade's trends.

Materials And Methods: Data came from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for diabetes (type 1 and type 2) during 1990-2019 was calculated.

Photoredox-Catalyzed Cascade sp C-H Bond Functionalization to Construct Substituted Acridine with Diarylamine and Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents.

A photocatalyzed cascade double C-C formation via sp C-H bond activation of diarylamines with hypervalent iodine diazo reagents was developed. A variety of diarylamines and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents were tolerated well, and a range of substituted acridines with yields ranging from moderate to excellent was provided efficiently. The protocol introduces diazo groups onto diarylamines and enables subsequent late-stage assembly point functionalization with the diazonium structure, forming two new C-C bonds in a sequential fashion.

Acid-Promoted Redox-Annulation toward 1,2-Disubstituted-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-α]isoquinolines: Synthesis of the Lamellarin Core.

An efficient synthesis of a variety of 1,2-disubstituted-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-α]isoquinoline derivatives via an acid-promoted cyclization reaction between 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) and substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehyde derivatives is reported. This cycloaddition allows access to structurally diverse multisubstituted dihydropyrrolo[2,1-α]isoquinolines in moderate to good yields, which was the core scaffold of marine natural alkaloid lamellarins.

ALK7 Knockdown Plays a Protective Role on HG-Stimulated MCs through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.

Objective: Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) is a member of the ALK family that has a key role in diabetes. However, the role of ALK7 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear.

Methods: Herein, we evaluated the effects of ALK7 on mesangial cells (MCs MCs were transfected with si-ALK7 or pcDNA3.

Long noncoding RNA ANRIL up-regulates CCND1 via sponging miR-98-5p to promote TGF-β1-induced human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition.

Excessive proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to take part in asthma pathogenesis. This study is targeted at deciphering the role of the lncRNA antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) in ASMC proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition.

Metal-Free Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinazolines Green Oxidation of -Aminobenzylamines: Practical Construction of -Containing Heterocycles Based on a Salicylic Acid-Catalyzed Oxidation System.

Conventional quinazoline synthesis methods involve a highly multistep reaction, and often require excess amounts of substrate to control the product selectivity, leading to significant resource wastage. Hence, in this study, from the viewpoint of green chemistry, we developed a novel metal-free synthetic method for 2-substituted quinazoline derivatives by the 4,6-dihydroxysalicylic acid-catalyzed oxidative condensation of -aminobenzylamines and benzylamines using atmospheric oxygen. In this system, the use of a catalytic amount of BF‧EtO (10 mol%) as a Lewis acid successfully led to the efficient oxidative condensation and intramolecular cyclization of these amines, followed by aromatization to afford the corresponding 2-arylquinazolines in up to 81% yield with excellent atom economy and environmental factor.

Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo-[1,5-]quinoxalin-4(5)-ones through Photoredox-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cyclization Reactions with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents.

An efficient synthesis of a variety of [1,2,3]triazolo-[1,5-]quinoxalin-4(5)-ones via a [3 + 2] cyclization reaction by photoredox catalysis between quinoxalinones and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents is reported. A range of quinoxalinones and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents were tolerated well. This cyclization reaction allows access to structurally diverse [1,2,3]triazolo-[1,5-]quinoxalin-4(5)-ones in moderate to good yields.

An electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for diethylstilbestrol assay based on resonance energy transfer between AgPO-Cu-MOF(II) and silver nanoparticles.

In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor based on the resonance energy transfer (RET) effect between Ag3PO4-Cu-MOF (ii) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is proposed. The ECL emission spectra of Ag3PO4-Cu-MOF and the ultraviolet absorption spectra of Ag NPs showed a good spectral overlap. Based on this, we designed an "on-off-on" ECL sensing strategy for the sensitive and specific detection of diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Ampelopsin inhibits high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation and oxidative stress in mesangial cells through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a diabetic complication. Ampelopsin (AMP) is a natural flavonoid that has been found to possess antidiabetic and antioxidative activities. However, the effect of AMP on DN remains unclear.

4,6-Dihydroxysalicylic Acid-Catalyzed Oxidative Condensation of Benzylic Amines and Aromatic Ketones for the Preparation of 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Pyridines and Its Application to Metal-Free Synthesis of G-Quadruplex Binding Ligands.

4,6-Dihydroxysalicylic acid was activated under air to catalyze the one-pot oxidative condensation reaction of benzylamines with acetophenones in the presence of BF·EtO, affording 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines in yields of 59-91%. During this metal-free oxidative condensation reaction, the benzylamines not only provided the aryl moiety at the 4-position of the pyridines but also acted as the nitrogen donor. This method can be applied to the metal-free synthesis of G-quadruplex binding ligands by the sequential addition of 4-chlorobutyryl chloride and pyrrolidine to the reaction system of the 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridine synthesis.

Synthesis of Aryl Iodides from Arylhydrazines and Iodine.

A metal- and base-free method is developed for the synthesis of aryl iodides from arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and iodine. A wide variety of aryl iodides can be conveniently synthesized by an equimolar reaction of arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and I in dimethyl sulfoxide at 60 °C for 6 h. In the iodination step, arylhydrazines are oxidized by iodine to form arenediazonium salts, which undergo single-electron transfer from iodide anion to give aryl and iodine radicals; subsequent combination of them affords the corresponding aryl iodides.

2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid-Catalyzed Oxidative Ugi Reactions with Molecular Oxygen via Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Amines.

Metal-free, oxidative four-component Ugi reactions (U-4CRs) were conducted to synthesize dipeptides from two different amines, isocyanides, and carboxylic acids using 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid catalyst in O atmosphere. The organocatalytic U-4CRs proceed via oxidative cross-coupling of benzylamines with other aliphatic or aromatic amines to form imines, followed by condensation with isocyanides and carboxylic acids. The U-4CRs via cross-coupling of amines are rare, and the simple, metal-free procedures are advantageous for further applications in drug and heterocycle syntheses.

Efficacy of low-protein diet in diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: We aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of low-protein diet preventing progression of diabetic nephropathy based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: A systematic and electronic search was conducted. Initial searches of literature updated to September 2018 were made using the following databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase using the index words for qualified RCTs.

Identification of biomarkers and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy using microarray data.

Background: The study aimed to uncover the regulation mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and provide novel prognostic biomarkers.

Methods: The dataset GSE62203 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was utilized in the present study. After pretreatment using the Affy package, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma package, followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein- protein interaction (PPI) network analysis.

Metal-Free Blue Dye Synthesis: Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines and N,N-Dimethylanilines to Yield 4,4'-Diaminotriarylmethanes in the Presence of Salicylic Acid as a Co-oxidant.

A convenient, novel, and metal-free method for the synthesis of 4,4'-diaminotriarylmethanes (DTMs) is described. This process is based on a one-pot condensation of benzylamines with N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives using 4,6-dihydroxysalicylic acid as a co-oxidant and N-iodosuccinimide as an oxidant. To the best of our knowledge, the present method provides the first reported synthesis of DTMs from benzylamines via oxidative C-N bond cleavage and subsequent double C-C bond formations.

Development of Albumin Coupled, Cholesterol Stabilized, Lipid Nanoemulsion of Methotrexate, and TNF-α Inhibitor for Improved In Vivo Efficacy Against Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Methotrexate (MTX; an anti-folate) and etanercept (ET; a TNF-α inhibitor) are used against arthritis; however, limitations like short biological half-life, low cutaneous absorption, and acidic instability limit their clinical relevance. Therefore, the aim of the investigation was to develop albumin coupled lipid nanoemulsion of MTX and ET for improved efficacy by virtue of their controlled release and specificity at the arthritic site. This emulsion was prepared by high-speed homogenization and stabilized using cholesterol.

Metal-Free Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines to Imines under an Oxygen Atmosphere Promoted Using Salicylic Acid Derivatives as Organocatalysts.

The oxidative coupling of benzylamines proceeds efficiently using salicylic acid derivatives as organocatalysts under an oxygen atmosphere, affording the corresponding -benzylidenebenzylamines in high yields. Electron-rich salicylic acid derivatives such as 4,6-dimethoxysalicylic acid and 4,6-dihydroxysalicylic acid exhibit excellent catalytic activities for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to give the corresponding imines. This amine oxidation can also be applied to the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as benzimidazole derivatives.

Synergistic effects of baicalein with cefotaxime against Klebsiella pneumoniae through inhibiting CTX-M-1 gene expression.

Background: Generation of extended- spectrum β- lactamases is one of the major mechanisms by which clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae develop resistance to antibiotics. Combined antibiotics prove to be a relatively effective method of controlling such resistant strains. Some of Chinese herbal active ingredients are known to have synergistic antibacterial effects.

[Analysis of urine screening results for school-age children in Zhucheng City of Shandong Province of China in 2013].

Objective: To study the significance of urine screening for school-age children by analyzing urine screening results of school-age children from Zhucheng City, Shandong Province, China, in 2013.

Methods: A total of 37 344 school-age children were randomly selected from children 6 to 12 years of age in Zhucheng City. Morning urine was tested by routine screening test, and the children who tested positive were re-tested after two weeks.

Highly stereoselective, one-pot synthesis of azetidines and 2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazabicyclo[3.2.0] compounds mediated by I2.

We report here a convenient method to construct polysubstituted azetidines and 2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazabicyclo[3.2.0] compounds with high stereoselectivities in a one-pot reaction mediated by I2.

DMAP-catalyzed [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between [60]fullerene and unmodified Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of Ac2O.

One-step DMAP-catalyzed [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between C(60) and unmodified Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of Ac(2)O have been developed for the easy preparation of cyclopentene- and cyclohexene-fused [60]fullerene derivatives. When the MBH adducts bear an alkyl group, two different reaction pathways could be controlled selectively depending on the conditions.

[Association of the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphism of the PPAR gamma2 gene and their haplotypes with obesity and type 2 diabetes].

Objective: To study the association of the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphism of the PPAR gamma2 gene and their haplotypes with obesity and type 2 diabetes in Chinese population.

Methods: PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms in 207 patients with type 2 diabetes and 101 non-diabetic control subjects.

Results: (1) In non-diabetic control population, the Ala allele frequency was 0.