Key bacteria decomposing animal and plant detritus in deep sea revealed via long-term incubation in different oceanic areas.

Transport of organic matter (OM) occurs widely in the form of animal and plant detritus in global oceans, playing a crucial role in global carbon cycling. While wood- and whale-falls have been extensively studied, the process of OM remineralization by microorganisms remains poorly understood particularly in pelagic regions on a global scale. Here, enrichment experiments with animal tissue or plant detritus were carried out in three deep seas for 4-12 months using the deep-sea incubators.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from the surface sediment of the Arctic Ocean and reclassification of Yu 2019 as a later heterotypic synonym of On 2019.

Two Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, 15-R06ZXC-3 and R06B22, were isolated from the surface sediment of the Arctic Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that strain 15-R06ZXC-3 belongs to the genus , while strain R06B22 belongs to the genus . Strain 15-R06ZXC-3 showed the closest relationship to DT23-4.

are ubiquitous mixotrophic bacteria playing important roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling in global oceans.

Mixotrophy is an important trophic strategy for bacterial survival in the ocean. However, the global relevance and identity of the major mixotrophic taxa remain largely elusive. Here, we combined phylogenetic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analyses to characterize ubiquitous based on our deep-sea incubations and the global data.

Heterologous expression of frog antimicrobial peptide Odorranain-C1 in Pichia pastoris: Biological characteristics and its application in food preservation.

To reduce food spoilage and deterioration caused by microbial contamination, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gradually gained attention as a biological preservative. Odorranain-C1 is an α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide extracted from the skin of frogs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we achieved the expression of Odorranain-C1 in Pichia pastoris (P.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-degrading bacteria in the pelagic deep-sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic pollution is widely found in deep-sea sediments. Despite being an international environmental issue, it remains unclear whether PET can be degraded through bioremediation in the deep sea. Pelagic sediments obtained from 19 sites across a wide geographic range in the Pacific Ocean were used to screen for bacteria with PET degrading potential.

Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Systems in Disease Therapy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes are nanosized membrane-bound structures that are released by virtually all cells. EVs have attracted great attention in the scientific community since the discovery of their roles in cell-to-cell communication. EVs' enclosed structure protects bioactive molecules from degradation in the extracellular space and targets specific tissues according to the topography of membrane proteins.

Survival of surface bacteriophages and their hosts in deep-sea environments.

The survival of the sinking prokaryotes and viruses in the deep-sea environment is crucial for deep-sea ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Through an deep-sea long-term incubation device, our results showed that viral particles and infectivity had still not decayed completely after incubation for 1 year. This suggests that, via infection and lysis, surface viruses with long-term infectious activity deep-sea environments may influence deep-sea microbial populations in terms of activity, function, diversity, and community structure and ultimately affect deep-sea biogeochemical cycles, highlighting the need for additional research in this area.

sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the western Pacific Ocean and transfer of to the genus as nom. nov. and emended description of the genus .

Two Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strains, CMA-7 and CAA-3, were isolated from surface seawater samples collected from the western Pacific Ocean. Phylogeny of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated they were related to the genera and and shared 95.1, 90.

Isolation and Optimization of Aflatoxin B Degradation by Uniform Design and Complete Genome Sequencing of Novel Deep-Sea Strain 13.

Aflatoxin B is a natural carcinogenic mycotoxin. The biological detoxification of aflatoxin could result in less environmental pollution, more moderate conditions, and less impact on food and feed, and be more convenient than physical and chemical methods. In this study, strain 13 with aflatoxin B degradation activity (67.

Antibacterial peptide PMAP-37(F34-R), expressed in Pichia pastoris, is effective against pathogenic bacteria and preserves plums.

Background: Recently, researchers have focused on the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are small bioactive peptides that regulate immune activation and have antibacterial activity with a reduced risk of bacterial resistance. Porcine myeloid antibacterial peptide 37 (PMAP-37) is a small-molecule peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity isolated from pig bone marrow, and PMAP-37(F34-R) is its analogue.

The Expression of Antibacterial Peptide Turgencin A in and an Analysis of Its Antibacterial Activity.

Antibiotic resistance to pathogenic bacteria is becoming an increasing public health threat, and identifying alternatives to antibiotics would be an effective solution to the problem of drug resistance. Antimicrobial peptides are small peptides produced by various organisms; they are considered to be adequate antibiotic substitutes because they have intense, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and stability, are widely available, and target strains do not quickly develop resistance. Recent research on antimicrobial peptides has shown that they have broad potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, food, and animal feed.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Sources, Expression Systems, and Applications.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely sourced and have a variety of biological activities such as broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer. Since AMPs are less likely to cause drug resistance, they are expected to be an alternative to antibiotics. Compared with natural extraction and chemical synthesis methods, producing AMPs using genetic engineering is a hot research topic for the large-scale production of AMPs.

Biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by diverse marine bacteria in deep-sea sediments.

PET plastic waste entering the oceans is supposed to take hundreds of years to degrade and tends to accumulate in the deep sea. However, we know little about the bacteria capable of plastic degradation therein. To determine whether PET-degrading bacteria are present in deep-sea sediment, we collected the samples from the eastern central Pacific Ocean and initiated microbial incubation with PET as the carbon source.

Research Progress of BAP1 in Structure, Function, and Cancer.

Cancer is an important chronic non-communicable disease that endangers human health and has become the main cause of death of residents around the world in the 21st century. At present, most of the mature treatment methods stay at the level of cell and tissue, which is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of cancer. Therefore, explaining the pathogenesis of cancer at the molecular level becomes the answer to the key problem of cancer regulation.

HIV Promotes Atherosclerosis via Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs.

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a higher risk of having cerebrocardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to HIV negative (HIV) individuals. The mechanisms underlying this elevated risk remains elusive. We hypothesize that HIV infection results in modified microRNA (miR) content in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), which modulates the functionality of vascular repairing cells, i.

MicroRNA-423-5p Mediates Cocaine-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Contraction by Targeting Cacna2d2.

Cocaine abuse increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and causes acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and hypertension (HTN). Significant research has explored the role of the sympathetic nervous system mediating the cocaine effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. However, the response of the sympathetic nervous system alone is insufficient to completely account for the CV consequences seen in cocaine users.

sp. nov., a novel marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium isolated from surface seawater.

A novel -related strain, designated 6-D-6, was isolated from the surface seawater collected around Xiamen Island. The novel strain is Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and motile, and grows at 10-45 °C, pH 6.0-9.

sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Western Pacific Ocean.

is a group of marine bacteria with important industrial application potential and ecological functions. In this study, a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic and bright yellow pigmented bacterial strain within this genus, designated C2-37M9, was isolated from a surface seawater sample from the Philippine Basin in the Western Pacific Ocean. Strain C2-37M9 grew at 10-44 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 6-9 (pH 7) and in the presence of 0-12 % NaCl (w/v; 2-3 %).

Genome-based taxonomic rearrangement of -related bacteria including the description of sp. nov. and sp. nov. and emended description of the genus .

-related bacteria (ORB) are a group of oligotrophic marine bacteria play an underappreciated role in carbon cycling. They have been frequently described as one of the dominant bacterial groups with a wide distribution in coastal and deep seawater of global oceans. To clarify their taxonomic affiliation in relation to alkane utilization, phylogenomic and comparative genomics analyses were performed based on currently available genomes from GenBank and four newly isolated strains, in addition to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics.

Cyclopia in a newborn rhesus macaque born to a dam infected with SIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.

Cyclopia, a rare genetic anomaly and birth defect, was recently observed in our nonhuman primate study. A newborn rhesus macaque, delivered cesarean section, exhibited facial abnormalities, including a single eye in the middle of the forehead. This macaque was born to a dam who had been inoculated with SIV in the first trimester and received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the early third trimester of pregnancy.

Epigenetic Regulator ASXL2: Structure, Function and its Predictive Value in Diseases.

ASXL2, as a transcription regulator, is a research hotspot for tumor detection. The aberrant expression of ASXL2 protein has been mainly implicated in malignant hematological and heart diseases. To further explore the predictive value of ASXL2 in diseases, we reviewed the structure and function of ASXL2 protein, the post-translational modification mechanism, and the expression of ASXL2 protein in the pathogenesis of different diseases to provide a theoretical basis and support for the development of future treatments.