Identification and characterization of microRNAs in raw milk during different periods of lactation, commercial fluid, and powdered milk products.

Recent baby formula milk powder contamination incidents have shown that the classic markers or standards in milk quality control are insufficient in identifying "manipulated" poor-quality milk. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that cow milk contains large amounts of microRNAs (miRNAs) and that the unique expression profile of milk-specific miRNAs can serve as a novel indicator and possible new standard for the quality control of raw milk and milk-related commercial products, such as fluid milk and powdered formula milk. First, using Solexa sequencing, we systematically screened miRNA expression in raw milk and identified a total of 245 miRNAs in raw milk.

{μ-trans-N,N'-Bis[2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl-amino)eth-yl]oxamidato(2-)}bis-[picrato-nickel(II)].

The title complex, [Ni(2)(C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7))(2)(C(10)H(20)N(4)O(4))], contains a centrosymmetric binuclear unit in which the oxamide ligand (located on a centre of symmetry) acts in a bis--tetra-dentate fashion and the picrate anion binds to nickel(II) in a bidentate mode. The Ni(II) atom displays a distorted octa-hedral coordination with axial elongation. The binuclear mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensonal supra-molecular network extending parallel to (100).

Bis(2,2'-bipyridine)bis-{μ(3)-cis-N-(2-carboxyl-atophen-yl)-N'-[3-(dimethyl-amino)prop-yl]oxamidato(3-)}-bis(per-chlorato)-tetra-nickel(II) methanol disolvate.

In the title methanol disolvate complex, [Ni(4)(C(14)H(16)N(3)O(4))(2)(ClO(4))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2CH(3)OH, the neutral tetra-nickel(II) system lies on a centre of inversion. The polyhedron around each Ni(II) atom is a square pyramid. The separations of the Ni atoms bridged by the oxamide and carboxyl groups are 5.