Mixture of Synthetic Plant Volatiles Attracts More Stick Tea Thrips Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and the Application as an Attractant in Tea Plantations.

The stick tea thrip () is one of the most serious sucking pests of tea plants () in China, North Korea, and Japan. Plant volatile lures are widely used for both monitoring and mass trapping. Previously, we demonstrated that sticky traps baited with -anisaldehyde, eugenol, farnesene, or 3-methyl butanal captured significantly more in tea plantations, with -anisaldehyde notably capturing the most.

Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Type-II Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis in the Tea Geometrid () (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).

, a notorious tea pest, produces a Type-II sex pheromone blend for mate communication. This blend contains ()-3,6,9-octadecatriene, ()-3,9--6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, and ()-3,9--6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene. To elucidate the genes related to the biosynthesis of these sex pheromone components, transcriptome sequencing of the female pheromone gland and the abdomen without pheromone gland was performed.

Identification, synthesis, and field evaluation of components of the female-produced sex pheromone of Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an emerging pest of tea.

Background: Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a major pest of tea plantations in Asia. Conventional control of pests with pesticides is unsustainable. Therefore, safe and eco-friendly alternatives, such as pheromones, are required to manage the pest.

Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Cytochrome P450s in Tea Black Tussock Moth () and Candidate Genes Involved in Type-II Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis.

The tea black tussock moth (), a devastating pest in Chinese tea plantations, uses a ternary Type-II pheromone blend containing (3,6)--9,10-epoxyhenicosa-3,6-diene (3,6,epo9-21:H), (3,6,11)--9,10-epoxyhenicosa-3,6,11-triene (3,6,epo9,11-21:H), and (3,6)-henicosa-3,6-dien-11-one (3,6-21:11-one) for mate communication. To elucidate the P450 candidates associated with the biosynthesis of these sex pheromone components, we sequenced the female pheromone gland and the abdomen excluding the pheromone gland. A total of 75 DbP450s were identified.

Identification of aggregation pheromones released by the stick tea thrips (Dendrothrips minowai) larvae and their application for controlling thrips in tea plantations.

Background: The stick tea thrips, Dendrothrips minowai Priesner, is one of the most important sucking pests that seriously infest tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Given that D. minowai exhibit aggregation behaviors in tea plantations, this study evaluated the potential of aggregation pheromones for their control.

Mating and post-copulation behavior in the tea leafhopper, (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

The tea leafhopper, , relies on substrate-borne vibrations for sexual communication and is mainly controlled with chemical pesticides, which poses risks to the environment and food safety. Based on previous studies, we conducted a series of behavioral assays by simultaneous observation of vibration signals and movement to investigate the mating and post-copulation behavior of tea leafhoppers. During mating, the activity of was restricted to dawn and dusk and concentrated on the sixth or seventh mature leaf below the tea bud.

Recruitment of Hippodamia variegata by active volatiles from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Alhagi sparsifolia plants infested with Aphis atrata.

Background: Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a dominant predatory natural enemy species in cotton-planting, is a key biological control agent for aphids in China. Our previous study showed that herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Fisch.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) and Alhagi sparsifolia (Desv.

Visual acuity of (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae).

is a common tea plant pest with a preference for the color yellow. Past work has shown that host leaf color is a key cue for habitat location for . Before studying the effect of foliage shape, size, or texture on habitat localization, it is necessary to determine the visual acuity and effective viewing distance of .

Activity Patterns, Population Dynamics, and Spatial Distribution of the Stick Tea Thrips, , in Tea Plantations.

The stick tea thrips, Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most economically significant thrips pests of tea ( (L.) O. Ktze.

Olfactory Gene Families in and Candidates for Type-II Sex Pheromone Detection.

, an abundant pest in tea gardens, produce type-II sex pheromone components, which are critical for its communicative and reproductive abilities; however, genes encoding the proteins involved in the detection of type-II sex pheromone components have rarely been documented in moths. In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the male and female antennae. A total of 150 candidate olfaction genes, comprising 58 odorant receptors (SsubORs), 26 ionotropic receptors (SsubIRs), 24 chemosensory proteins (SsubCSPs), 40 odorant-binding proteins (SsubOBPs), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SsubSNMPs) were identified in .

Identification and Field Evaluation of Sex Pheromone Components and Its Antagonist Produced by a Major Tea Pest, (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Pesticide application is the only known control method for the tea tortrix (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which is a major pest of spring tea in China. To develop sex pheromone-based, environmentally safe control strategies, here we identified the sex pheromone components of this species. The male moths' antennae responded electrophysiologically to two compounds in female pheromone gland extracts.

Enhanced volatile emissions and anti-herbivore functions mediated by the synergism between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways in tea plants.

The interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, which affects plant stress resistance, is mainly considered to be antagonistic. Using an established theoretical model, we investigated how tea plant () volatiles induced by exogenous elicitors of the JA and SA pathways are affected by the sequence of elicitor application, elicitor identity, and the applied concentrations. We also examined the effects of the volatiles mediated by the JA-SA synergistic interaction on the behaviors of a tea leaf-chewing herbivore () and its parasitic wasp ( sp.

Odor Perception in the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, Exposed to Juglans regia, a Marginal Host Plant.

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, infesting cotton, maize, soybean, and many other crops. In recent years, H. armigera has been observed damaging walnuts, Juglans regia, in Xinjiang China.

Variation in the ratio of compounds in a plant volatile blend during transmission by wind.

For plant volatiles to mediate interactions in tritrophic systems, they must convey accurate and reliable information to insects. However, it is unknown whether the ratio of compounds in plant volatile blends remains stable during wind transmission. In this study, volatiles released from an odor source were collected at different points in a wind tunnel and analyzed.

Identification of a unique three-component sex pheromone produced by the tea black tussock moth, Dasychira baibarana (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae).

Background: The tea black tussock moth Dasychira baibarana Matsumura is a devastating pest in tea plantations that causes substantial economic losses. Presently, there is no effective method to control this pest other than pesticide application. The identified sex pheromone of D.

Plant Volatiles Modulate Seasonal Dynamics between Hosts of the Polyphagous Mirid Bug Apolygus lucorum.

Plant-derived volatiles play a significant role in host selection of phytophagous insects, but their role in seasonal host shifts remain unclear. The polyphagous mirid bug Apolygus lucorum displays marked seasonal host alternation. During summer, volatiles from flowering plants play a key role in A.

Development and Evaluation of Sex Pheromone Mass Trapping Technology for : A Potential Integrated Pest Management Strategy.

Since the identification of the sex pheromone, no effective control technology based on this pheromone has yet been developed and evaluated. In this study, pheromone proportion and dosage, sustained-release dispensers, and pheromone lure-matched traps were optimized. The mass trapping technology developed with the above optimized parameters was tested in a field trial.

Niemann-Pick proteins type C2 are identified as olfactory related genes of Pardosa pseudoannulata by transcriptome and expression profile analysis.

In arthropods, the large majority of studies on olfaction have been mainly focused on insects, whereas little on Arachnida, even though olfaction is very important in arachnid behavior. Pardosa pseudoannulata is one of the most common wandering spiders in rice fields, as the important natural enemy against a range of pests. However, little is known about the potential chemosensory proteins involved in olfactory behavior of these spiders.

Identification and Biochemical Properties of Two New Acetylcholinesterases in the Pond Wolf Spider (Pardosa pseudoannulata).

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an important neurotransmitter hydrolase in both invertebrates and vertebrates, is targeted by organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. In this study, two new AChEs were identified in the pond wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predatory natural enemy of several insect pests. In total, four AChEs were found in P.

Volatile fragrances associated with flowers mediate host plant alternation of a polyphagous mirid bug.

Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important insect pest of cotton and fruit trees in China. The adults prefer host plants at the flowering stage, and their populations track flowering plants both spatially and temporally. In this study, we examine whether flower preference of its adults is mediated by plant volatiles, and which volatile compositions play an important role in attracting them.