Cationic Peptidopolysaccharide with an Intrinsic AIE Effect for Combating Bacteria and Multicolor Imaging.

An antibacterial polymer peptidopolysaccharide (COS-AMP) that integrates antibacterial and detection functions is constructed with a simple synthetic method. The COS-AMP is constructed by simulating the structure of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall with chitooligosaccharide with intrinsic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect as the main chain, as well as a peptide polymer grafted onto its amino group. Based on the AIE effect and excitation-dependent fluorescence of COS-AMP, it is tentatively applied to multicolor imaging and quantification of bacteria.

Theoretical investigation on bond and spectrum of cyclo[18] carbon (C) with sp-hybridized.

In an experiment, cyclo[18]carbon (C), prepared with low-temperature STM-AFM (scanning tunneling microscopy-atomic force microscopy) from CO, CO, and CO molecules, have been confirmed being alternating single and triple bonds structure. Nevertheless, the stability of C is weak at room temperature in gas. Thus, it is difficult to study the spectrum, orbital, and bonds characters of the C molecule in the experiment.

A novel corona core‑shell nanoparticle for enhanced intracellular drug delivery.

Drugs, including small molecule anticancer drugs, have to be delivered and released into the cytoplasm or nucleus in order to elicit a therapeutic effect. In the present study, a novel corona core‑shell nanoparticle was proposed for enhanced cellular uptake and light‑responsive intracellular release. Light‑responsive core‑shell nanoparticles, i.

Alkaline hydrolysis pathway of 2,4-dinitroanisole verified by O tracer experiment.

The environmental fate of insensitive munitions compounds, such as 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), has drawn increasing attention because of their growing use in military activities. One of the main attenuation mechanisms of DNAN degradation in aqueous environments is alkaline hydrolysis. We investigated the pathway for alkaline hydrolysis of DNAN at pH 12 by a combined approach of experiment and theory.

The role and proteomic analysis of ethylene in hydrogen gas-induced adventitious rooting development in cucumber ( L.) explants.

Previous studies have shown that both hydrogen gas (H) and ethylene (ETH) play positive roles in plant adventitious rooting. However, the relationship between Hand ETH during this process has not been explored and remains insufficiently understood. In this study, cucumber ( L.

Ultrahigh Density of Gas Molecules Confined in Surface Nanobubbles in Ambient Water.

To understand the unexpected and puzzling long-term stability of nanoscale gas bubbles, it is crucial to probe their nature and intrinsic properties. We report herein synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) evidence of highly condensed oxygen gas molecules trapped as surface nanobubbles. Remarkably, the analysis of absorption spectra of a single nanobubble revealed that the oxygen density inside was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that in atmospheric pressure, and these bubbles were found in a highly saturated liquid environment with the estimated oxygen concentration to be hundreds of times higher than the known oxygen solubility in equilibrium.

Free-standing Reduced Graphene Oxide/carbon Nanotube Paper for Flexible Sodium-ion Battery Applications.

We propose a flexible, binder-free and free-standing carbonaceous paper fabricated via electrostatic spray deposition using reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (rGO/CNT) as a promising electrode material for flexible sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). The as-prepared rGO/CNT paper exhibits a three-dimensional (3D) layered structure by employing rGO as conductive frameworks to provide sodium-storage active sites and CNT as spacer to increase rGO interlayer distance and benefit the diffusion kinetics of sodium ions. Consequently, the rGO/CNT paper delivers an enhanced sodium ion storage capacity of 166.

Unexpected large impact of small charges on surface frictions with similar wetting properties.

Generally, the interface friction on solid surfaces is regarded as consistent with wetting behaviors, characterized by the contact angles. Here using molecular dynamics simulations, we find that even a small charge difference (≤0.36 e) causes a change in the friction coefficient of over an order of magnitude on two-dimensional material and lipid surfaces, despite similar contact angles.

Ultrafine antimony (Sb) nanoparticles encapsulated into a carbon microfiber framework as an excellent LIB anode with a superlong life of more than 5000 cycles.

Antimony (Sb) anode has attracted increasing attention given its high theoretical capacity and suitable working potential. Nonetheless, its practical application is largely hindered by huge volume changes during the cyclic process, resulting in unsatisfactory long-term cycled stabilities at high current density. In this work, large-scale ultrafine Sb nanoparticles are functionally designed to encapsulate into a 3D carbon microfiber framework (CMF) via a scalable electrospinning approach followed by a thermal treatment process.

Roles of nitric oxide in heavy metal stress in plants: Cross-talk with phytohormones and protein S-nitrosylation.

Heavy metal (HM) stress is a major hazard, which significantly affects plant growth and development. In order to confront HM stress, plants directly or indirectly regulate the levels of endogenous nitric oxide (NO), a redox-related signaling molecule involved in wide range of plant growth and development as well as in response to HM stress. In addition, there is now compelling experimental evidence that NO usually mediates signaling processes through interactions with different biomolecules like phytohormones to regulate HM tolerance.

Heterogeneous Reactions of SO on Ice: An Overlooked Sink for SO Depletion.

The reaction between SO and water in the gas phase has always been of great interest, as it has important implications in atmospheric and environmental science. Compared to gas-phase water, however, heterogeneous hydration of SO on the surfaces of condensed phases of water/ice is relatively less explored. Here, we present a systematic study of the reactions between SO and three different phases of water, namely, water vapor, the surface of a liquid water droplet, and the {1 1 -2 0} plane of hexagonal ice (Ih).

Recent progress in the knowledge on the alleviating effect of nitric oxide on heavy metal stress in plants.

Recently, nitric oxide (NO), a redox-related signaling molecule, is considered to be a key regulator in plant growth and development as well as response to abiotic stresses. Heavy metal (HM) stress is one of the most serious threats to affect crop growth and production. HM stress attributes to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress in plants.

Effect of GSK-137647A, the first non-carboxylic FFA4 agonist, on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in db/db mice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of GSK-137647A, the first non-carboxylic FFA4 agonist, on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of db/db mice.

Methods: Bone mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from 8-week-old db/db mice. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the toxicity of GSK-137647A on BMSCs, and the optimal concentration of GSK-137647A was selected to investigate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and relevant indicators of osteoblasts and adipocytes were detected.

Research Progress on the Functions of Gasotransmitters in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses.

Abiotic stress is one of the major threats affecting plant growth and production. The harm of abiotic stresses includes the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress in the plant. Plants have different mechanisms to fight stress, and these mechanisms are responsible for maintaining the required homeostasis in plants.

Isolation, Optimization of Fermentation Conditions, and Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide from Hao 2018.

In recent years, the wide application of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other fields has drawn tremendous attention. In this study, an EPS produced by Hao 2018 was isolated and purified, and its fermentation conditions were optimized. Its structure and biological functions were also studied.

Hydrogen gas alleviates postharvest senescence of cut rose 'Movie star' by antagonizing ethylene.

H prolonged the vase life and improved the vase quality of cut roses through repressing endogenous ethylene production and alleviating ethylene signal transduction during the entire senescing period. Recently, the application of hydrogen gas (H) was shown to improve postharvest quality and longevity in perishable horticultural products, but the specific regulation mechanism remains obscure. Here, endogenous ethylene production and the expression of genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathway were investigated to explore the crosstalk between H and ethylene during the senescence of cut roses.

Hydrogen polarity of interfacial water regulates heterogeneous ice nucleation.

Using all-atomic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that the structure of interfacial water (IW) induced by substrates characterizes the ability of a substrate to nucleate ice. We probe the shape and structure of ice nuclei and the corresponding supercooling temperatures to measure the ability of IW with various hydrogen polarities for ice nucleation, and find that the hydrogen polarization of IW even with the ice-like oxygen lattice increases the contact angle of the ice nucleus on IW, thus lifting the free energy barrier of heterogeneous ice nucleation. The results show that not only the oxygen lattice order but the hydrogen disorder of IW on substrates are required to effectively facilitate the freezing of top water.

Interfacial self-assembly engineering for constructing a 2D flexible superlattice polyoxometalate/rGO heterojunction for high-performance photovoltaic devices.

2D materials have strong intermolecular van der Waals forces, and 2D superlattice heterostructures have exhibited many dramatic photo-electrochemical properties for energy conversion and storage. Herein, based on the excellent properties of reduced graphene and superlattice structures, we constructed a 2D flexible superlattice polyoxometalate/rGO heterojunction with enhanced electron-hole separation via interfacial self-assembly engineering to further fabricate DSSCs based on the heterojunction-modified photoanode, which exhibited good electron transport properties. Selecting two kinds of Dawson POMs (PWV, PW and the corresponding heteropoly blue) as the research object, the polyoxometalate superlattice structure was obtained by the self-assembly strategy, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, XRD, EDX and XPS.

Inhibition of mTOR Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Via Relieving Excessive Mitochondrial Fission.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was reported to regulate cell autophagy and outcomes of several neurological diseases. Mitochondria, which serve as critical organelles in neurons. are also involved in the pathology of neurological diseases.

A PILOT CLINICAL STUDY OF TREATING RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT BY SILICONE RUBBER BALLOON SCLERAL BUCKLING.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and primary safety of treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using foldable capsular vitreous body scleral buckling.

Methods: Five patients with simple RRD were treated with foldable capsular vitreous body scleral buckling. B-ultrasound and fundus photography examining of retina reattachment were used to evaluate the postsurgery efficacy.

Developing an Anion Exchange Chromatography Assay for Determining Empty and Full Capsid Contents in AAV6.2.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are clinically proven gene delivery vehicles that are attracting an increasing amount of attention. Non-genome-containing empty AAV capsids are by-products during AAV production that have been reported to potentially impact AAV product safety and efficacy. Therefore, the presence and amount of empty AAV capsids need to be characterized during process development.

High-Density Isolated FeO Sites on a Single-Crystal CuO(100) Surface.

Single-atom catalysts have recently been subject to considerable attention within applied catalysis. However, complications in the preparation of well-defined single-atom model systems have hampered efforts to determine the reaction mechanisms underpinning the reported activity. By means of an atomic layer deposition method utilizing the steric hindrance of the ligands, isolated FeO motifs were grown on a single-crystal CuO(100) surface at densities up to 0.

Tuning optical properties and optical rotation of 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites.

The emission wavelength of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum dots (QDs) can be tuned by controlling reaction time relevant to the halide exchange. It is because halide exchange with different time would lead to different molar ratio of halides in perovskite QDs such as Cl and Br. Here, to research the ligand's effect on the halide exchange, this work synthesized 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-capped CH NH PbBr Cl QDs.

High-power biofuel cells based on three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube micro-arrays.

Miniaturized enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) with high cell performance are promising candidates for powering next-generation implantable medical devices. Here, we report a closed-loop theoretical and experimental study on a micro EBFC system based on three-dimensional (3D) carbon micropillar arrays coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and a biocatalyst composite. The fabrication process of this system combines the top-down carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) technique to fabricate the 3D micropillar array platform and bottom-up electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to deposit the reduced rGO/CNTs/enzyme onto the electrode surface.

Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals-Phospholipid Micelles and Their Biological Applications: Multiplex Cellular Imaging and in Vitro Tumor Targeting.

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising optical materials in many fields. However, their poor moisture stability, significant toxicity, and difficulty to be further functionalized greatly hinder their applications in bioimaging. Here, a universal strategy is demonstrated by simply encapsulating CsPbX (X = Cl, Br, I) NCs into phospholipids to achieve CsPbX-phospholipid micelles (CsPbX@phospholipid) as probes for multiplex encoding cellular imaging or tumor-targeted imaging.