Multiscale dynamics analysis of lumbar vertebral cortical bone based on the Abaqus submodel finite element method.

The direct effect of macroscopic loads on the microstructure of bone tissue in a vibration environment is not yet known. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the macro- and micro-biomechanical properties of the lumbar spine system under dynamic loading in such an environment. We analyzed the dynamic characteristics of osteon by establishing a macro- and micro-scale model of the lumbar spine, using a submodel-specific boundary displacement method based on St.