Carneusones A-F, Benzophenone Derivatives from Sponge-Derived Fungus GXIMD00543.

Six benzophenone derivatives, carneusones A-F (-), along with seven known compounds (-) were isolated from a strain of sponge-derived marine fungus GXIMD00543. Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds , , and exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity on NO secretion using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.

ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of rice seedling during cold stress.

Low temperature is one of the important environmental factors that affect rice growth and yield. To better understand the rice responses to cold stress, isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling-based quantitative proteomics approach was used to detected changes in protein levels. Two-week-old seedlings of the cold tolerant rice variety Kongyu131 were treated at 8°C for 24, 48 and 72 h, then the total proteins were extracted from tissues and used for quantitative proteomics analysis.

TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of indica rice cultivars reveals that novel components of the signaling pathways might play a role in grain length regulation.

Grain length is one of the most important rice grain appearance components. To better understand the protein regulated by grain length in indica rice, the tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling combined with LC-MS/MS analysis was used for quantitative identification of differentially regulated proteins by comparing six long-grain cultivars (MeiB, LongfengB, YexiangB, FengtianB, WantaiB, and DingxiangB) to the short-grain cultivar BoB, respectively. A total of 6622 proteins were detected for quantitative analysis by comparing protein content of six long-grain cultivars to the short-grain cultivar, and 715 proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 336 uniquely over-accumulated proteins and 355 uniquely down-accumulated proteins.

New 3-Acyl Tetramic Acid Derivatives from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus .

Seven rare C3-C6 reduced 3-acyl tetramic acid derivatives, lecanicilliumins A-G (-), along with the known analogue cladosporiumin D (), were obtained from the extract of the deep-sea-derived fungus GXIMD00542 within the family Clavipitacae. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, quantum chemistry calculations and chemical reaction. Compounds , , - exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity against NF-κB production using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.

Natural Variation in Contributes to Grain Size and Chalkiness in Rice.

Rice ( L.) is an important staple food crop for more than half of the world's population. Enhancing the grain quality and yield of rice to meet growing demand remains a major challenge.

Targeted, random mutagenesis of plant genes with dual cytosine and adenine base editors.

Targeted saturation mutagenesis of crop genes could be applied to produce genetic variants with improved agronomic performance. However, tools for directed evolution of plant genes, such as error-prone PCR or DNA shuffling, are limited. We engineered five saturated targeted endogenous mutagenesis editors (STEMEs) that can generate de novo mutations and facilitate directed evolution of plant genes.