Volatile organic metabolites identify patients with gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcer, or gastritis and control patients.

Background: Gastric cancer ranks 4th among the most common cancers worldwide, and the mortality caused by gastric cancer is 2nd only to lung cancer. Gastric cancer shows a lack of specific symptoms in its early stages. In addition, its clinical symptoms often do not match the corresponding stage.

Mechanical ventilation strategies for intensive care unit patients without acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: It has been shown that the application of a lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategy can improve the prognosis of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the optimal mechanical ventilation strategy for intensive care unit (ICU) patients without ALI or ARDS is uncertain. Therefore, we performed a network meta-analysis to identify the optimal mechanical ventilation strategy for these patients.

Lung ventilation strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

To identify the best lung ventilation strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we performed a network meta-analysis. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Web of Science were searched, and 36 eligible articles were included. Compared with higher tidal volumes with FiO2-guided lower positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP], the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were 0.

Mechanical ventilation modes for respiratory distress syndrome in infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: The effects of different mechanical ventilation (MV) modes on mortality outcome in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are not well known.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for studies published through April 2014 that assessed mortality in infants with RDS given different MV modes. We assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data, and subsequently pooled the data.

Exhaled breath volatile biomarker analysis for thyroid cancer.

Compared with other types of cancer, thyroid cancer incidence rates have increased rapidly worldwide in the past few decades. In recent years, potential thyroid cancer biomarkers have been studied, but these biomarkers have neither specificity nor good positive predictive value. Exhaled breath analysis is a recently developed convenient and noninvasive method for screening and diagnosing the disease.

Exhaled volatile organic compounds as lung cancer biomarkers during one-lung ventilation.

In this study, single-lung ventilation was used to detect differences in the volatile organic compound (VOCs) profiles between lung tissues in healthy and affected lungs. In addition, changes that occurred after lung cancer resection in both the VOCs profiles of exhaled breath from ipsilateral and contralateral lungs and the VOCs profiles of exhaled breath and blood sample headspaces were also determined. Eighteen patients with non-small cell carcinoma were enrolled.

Heparin therapy reduces 28-day mortality in adult severe sepsis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: There are approximately 19 million new cases of sepsis worldwide each year. Among them, more than one quarter of patients die. We aimed to assess the effects of heparin on short-term mortality in adult patients with sepsis and severe sepsis.

Noninvasive detection of colorectal cancer by analysis of exhaled breath.

There has been growing interest in exhaled breath analysis for cancer screening and disease monitoring; however, limited breath biomarker information exists regarding colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to screen for breath biomarkers of CRC. Exhaled breath was collected from 20 CRC patients and 20 healthy controls; subsequently, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) was used to assess the exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the study participants.

Blood volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an animal study in the SOD1 G93A mouse.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapid progressive motor neuron disease. Currently, there are no specific or reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease, and there are no effective medical treatments. The early diagnosis and treatment of this disease has the potential to prolong the survival of ALS patients, but typically, approximately 1 year passes between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of this disease.

Blood volatile compounds as biomarkers for colorectal cancer.

Many recent studies have focused on the connection between the composition of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and various forms of cancer. However, the composition of exhaled breath is affected by many factors, such as lung disease, smoking, and diet. VOCs are released into the bloodstream before they are exhaled; therefore, the analysis of VOCs in blood will provide more accurate results than the analysis of VOCs in exhaled breath.