Publications by authors named "Chunhong Dong"
Article Synopsis
- Enhancing immunity in the respiratory tract is vital for fighting influenza through effective mucosal vaccines that can bypass barriers and stimulate immune responses.
- The study used extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a vaccine platform by attaching influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in an upside-down orientation to expose the conserved parts of the virus.
- Results showed that intranasal immunization with these EVs led to strong immune responses in mice, providing protection against various influenza strains and highlighting the potential for developing a universal mucosal vaccine.
Article Synopsis
- The initial exposure to influenza viruses creates long-lasting immune memory, affecting responses to future vaccinations and infections.
- Differences in how earlier infections influence immune responses to various vaccine types were examined in Balb/c mice, showing that closely related strains lead to stronger immunity.
- Vaccinations following specific past exposures can result in effective protection against related influenza strains and enhance cross-reactive immunity, underscoring the importance of an individual's flu history in vaccine design.
Article Synopsis
- The study highlights the success of mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines in quickly addressing urgent vaccine needs, but notes their limitations in generating mucosal responses and broad protection against variants.
- Researchers engineered an advanced mRNA LNP vaccine that includes a novel cytokine adjuvant and influenza A antigen, resulting in strong antibody and T cell responses in mice.
- Two different adjuvants, GIFT4 and CCL27, were shown to effectively enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses, indicating the potential of cytokine mRNA as a versatile component in mRNA vaccine formulations for improved immunity against viruses.
Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and proliferation fibrous tissue, a condition associated with various chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, inflammation of the lungs, and myocarditis. Clinical treatment options for fibrotic diseases are currently limited and have poor efficacy. However, recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that polysaccharides exhibit significant antifibrotic activity by modulating cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress associated fibrosis and regulating gut microbiota.
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- Influenza infections pose a serious threat to global health, prompting the need for improved vaccine formulations due to current vaccines inadequately protecting against circulating strains.
- Researchers developed a novel intranasal vaccine using protein nanoparticles made of influenza proteins and a bacterial component, which enhanced immune responses in mice.
- This innovative slow-delivery vaccination method significantly boosted immune responses and survival rates against different strains of the virus, suggesting its potential effectiveness in addressing influenza outbreaks.
Article Synopsis
- Enhancing influenza vaccine cross-protection is essential to reduce the public health impact of the virus, with strategies like heterologous sequential immunization showing promise in improving vaccine effectiveness.
- Research on female Balb/c mice reveals that priming with different vaccine types (mRNA LNP vs. PHC nanoparticles) influences the immune response, with mRNA favoring Th1 responses and PHC promoting Th2 responses.
- Mucosal immunity is particularly important for cross-protection, with intranasal PHC vaccination outperforming intramuscular methods, and a combination of mRNA prime followed by PHC boost offering the best cross-protection against diverse influenza strains.
Article Synopsis
- Fibrosis is a pathological condition that leads to the buildup of connective tissue in organs, causing structural damage and potential organ failure, with an increasing global incidence.
- The intestinal tract interacts closely with various body tissues and houses a complex microbial community that may influence the development of fibrosis.
- Polysaccharides, found in natural products, show promise as anti-fibrotic agents by reducing inflammation and modulating the immune response and gut microbiota, warranting further research in drug discovery for fibrosis treatment.
Article Synopsis
- PD-L1 is a protein found on tumor cells that inhibits T-cell activity, allowing cancer to evade the immune response.
- Several monoclonal antibodies that target PD-1/PD-L1 have been effective in cancer treatment, but their drawbacks, such as high costs and potential side effects, have led to the investigation of small-molecule inhibitors.
- This paper reviews the structure of PD-L1 and its interactions with various small-molecule inhibitors developed in the last decade, aiming to assist in the creation of new inhibitors for better cancer treatment.
Fructus Corni, derived from the dried fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc., is widely used as a food source and Chinese herb.
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- A predictive control strategy based on Pontryagin's minimum principle is proposed for improving energy efficiency in agricultural hybrid tractors, specifically using the Dongfanghong 1804 model.
- Historical working condition data is utilized to predict future operating conditions, allowing for optimized control of the diesel engine and motor to minimize fuel consumption.
- The research shows a 9.42% reduction in energy costs with the new strategy, resulting in overall improved efficiency and economy during plowing operations.
Article Synopsis
- mRNA vaccine technology has seen significant advancements, particularly with the authorization of COVID-19 vaccines, utilizing nano-scale biomaterials as delivery platforms.
- The impact of these mRNA nanoplatforms on immune responses is still not fully understood, prompting a review of their effects on both innate and adaptive immunity.
- Additionally, while mRNA vaccines have inherent adjuvant properties, the use of supplemental adjuvants may be necessary to better regulate immune responses.
In carbohydrate chemistry, the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-glycosides remains a formidable challenge. This complexity is comparable to the synthesis of 1,2-cis-β-D-mannosides, primarily due to the adverse anomeric and Δ-2 effects. Over the past decades, to attain β-stereoselectivity in D-rhamnosylation, researchers have devised numerous direct and indirect methodologies, including the hydrogen-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) method, the synthesis of β-D-mannoside paired with C6 deoxygenation, and the combined approach of 1,2-trans-glycosylation and C2 epimerization.
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- The first infection with the influenza virus creates a long-lasting immune memory that affects future vaccinations and infections.
- Researchers developed a PEI-Aichi hemagglutinin (HA)/CpG nanoparticle vaccine that offers cross-protection against different strains of influenza.
- Mice previously exposed to different HA virus groups exhibited varying antibody responses after vaccination, with those imprinted by group 2 viruses showing stronger protection against subsequent virus challenges compared to group 1.
Article Synopsis
- Iridoid glycoside is a bioactive component found in traditional Chinese medicine, known for its various health benefits including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects.
- The structure of iridoid glycoside includes multiple hydroxyl groups, particularly two primary hydroxyl groups, which have similar chemical reactivity that needs to be selectively manipulated.
- This study employed computer simulations and experimental methods to distinguish between the two primary hydroxyl groups, paving the way for targeted modifications that could enhance the therapeutic potential of iridoid glycoside.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how PDA affects hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells, focusing on its mechanisms in vitro.
- PDA shows cytotoxic effects, leading to reduced cell growth and increased markers of stress (like ROS and calcium), while altering protein levels linked to apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.
- Results indicate that PDA not only disrupts specific signaling pathways (like Notch and Nrf2) but also normalizes various metabolite levels, suggesting its potential as a therapy for liver cancer.
Catalpol, a natural product mainly existed in plenty of Chinese traditional medicines, is an iridoid compound with the comprehensive effects on neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, hypoglycemic and anticancer. However, there are some disadvantages for catalpol such as a short half-life in vivo, low druggability, stingy binding efficiency to target proteins and so on. It is necessary to make structural modification and optimization which enhance its performance on disease treatments and clinic applications.
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- Influenza epidemics pose significant risks to public health and the economy, prompting the need for better vaccines against respiratory infections.
- A new protein nanoparticle is developed using influenza nucleoprotein at its core, coated with specific fusion proteins, which enhances immune response when paired with adjuvants like ISCOMs and MPLA.
- Tests show that these adjuvanted nanoparticles induce strong immune responses, resulting in higher antibody levels and strong memory cell populations in mice, achieving a 100% survival rate against viral challenges.
A series of C10-position imidazole-modified catalpol derivatives are specifically designed and synthesized for serving as potential pancreatic cancer inhibitors, which are characterized by H NMR, C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). They were evaluated by the 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test on two human pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1, BxPC-3 and normal pancreatic cell HPDE6-C7, which showed the significant inhibitory effected on the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells of PANC-1 and BxPC-3, especially 91.6% efficacy on BxPC-3, and 73.
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- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, leading to serious conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer, with no current therapies approved to treat it.
- Polysaccharides, which are natural compounds, have shown promise in preclinical studies for their ability to improve various metabolic processes and reduce inflammation related to NAFLD development.
- This paper reviews recent research on the effectiveness of polysaccharides in combating NAFLD and examines the potential mechanisms through which they may work.
Article Synopsis
- mRNA vaccines have shown effectiveness and safety in preventing infectious diseases, prompting the development of a novel multivalent influenza vaccine using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encoding various viral proteins.
- Immunization with these mRNA LNPs led to strong immune responses, promoting both cellular immunity and high levels of specific antibodies in mice, especially when cGAMP was used as an adjuvant.
- The addition of cGAMP resulted in significantly enhanced immune responses, including increased secretion of important cytokines and a greater presence of memory T cells in both the spleen and lungs, ultimately providing strong protection against different strains of the virus.
Purpose: The Warburg effect is an important metabolic feature of tumours, and hexokinase is the first ratelimiting enzyme of the glycolytic pathway during tumour metabolism. Among hexokinase subtypes, hexokinase 2 (HK2) is increasingly proving to be a key target for cancer treatment. This study presents the challenges and potential strategies for developing HK2 inhibitors by systematically summarising the characteristics of HK2 inhibitors reported in the literature and patents.
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- Universal influenza vaccines are critical for preventing future outbreaks and pandemics, prompting the creation of double-layered protein nanoparticles that contain two key influenza antigens.
- The nanoparticles stimulate immune responses by encouraging cytokine release from immune cells and generating strong antibody and T cell responses.
- The addition of MPLA, an immune booster, enhances the vaccine's effectiveness and reduces inflammation in the lungs after influenza infection.
Article Synopsis
- Influenza epidemics, especially type B, pose a major public health risk, with current vaccines showing limited effectiveness due to changes in virus strains.
- Researchers developed double-layered protein nanoparticles using structure-stabilized HA stalk antigens from influenza B, which were found to activate immune cells effectively.
- Immunization with these nanoparticles led to strong and lasting immune responses, suggesting their potential as a universal vaccine with enhanced protection against various influenza B virus strains.
Engineered Nanoparticulate Vaccines to Combat Recurring and Pandemic Influenza Threats.
Adv Nanobiomed Res
March 2022
Reoccurring seasonal flu epidemics and occasional pandemics are among the most severe threats to public health. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide limited protection against drifted circulating strains and no protection against influenza pandemics. Next-generation influenza vaccines, designated as universal influenza vaccines, should be safe, affordable, and elicit long-lasting cross-protective influenza immunity.
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