Validation of a Smartphone Pupillometry Application in Diagnosing Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is an important biomarker for the detection and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated the performance of PupilScreen, a smartphone-based pupillometry app, in classifying healthy control subjects and subjects with severe TBI in comparison to the current gold standard NeurOptics pupillometer (NPi-200 model with proprietary Neurological Pupil Index [NPi] TBI severity score). A total of 230 PLR video recordings taken using both the PupilScreen smartphone pupillometer and NeurOptics handheld device (NPi-200) pupillometer were collected from 33 subjects with severe TBI (sTBI) and 132 subjects who were healthy without self-reported neurological disease.

Delayed diagnosis of popliteal artery injury after traumatic knee dislocation in Korea: a case report.

The popliteal artery damage is present to range from 1.6% to 64% of patients with knee dislocation, and it is crucial to evaluate vascular damage even if there are no prominent ischemic changes in the distal area. The injury of the popliteal artery by high-energy forces around the knee caused by a fall or traffic accident is a potentially limb-threatening complication in traumatic knee dislocation.

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Core Needle Biopsy for Pulmonary Nodules in Patients with Impaired Lung Function: Is It Feasible and Safe?

Background: The number of patients with incidentally identified pulmonary nodules is increasing. This study attempted to confirm the usefulness and safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) core needle biopsy of pulmonary nodules.

Methods: Data from 18 patients diagnosed with pulmonary nodules who underwent VATS core need biopsy were retrospectively reviewed.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Asthmatic Inflammation and Airway Remodeling by Modulating Macrophages/Monocytes in the IL-13-Overexpressing Mouse Model.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive alternatives to conventional anti-asthmatic drugs for severe asthma. Mechanisms underlying the anti-asthmatic effects of MSCs have not yet been elucidated. This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic effects of intravenously administered MSCs, focusing on macrophages and monocytes.

Automatic Plaque Removal Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography: Diagnostic Accuracy and Utility in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the utility and accuracy of dual-energy automatic plaque removal (DE-APR) in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with PAD who underwent DE computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA) and DSA of the lower extremities. DE-CTA was used to generate APR subtracted images.

Clopidogrel hyper-response increases peripheral hemorrhagic complications without increasing intracranial complications in endovascular aneurysm treatments requiring dual antiplatelet therapy.

Clinical significance of increased clopidogrel response measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay is unclear; management guidelines are lacking in the context of neuroendovascular intervention. Our objective was to assess whether increased clopidogrel response predicts complications from endovascular aneurysm treatment requiring dual antiplatelet therapy. A single-institution, 9-year retrospective study of patients undergoing endovascular treatments for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms requiring aspirin and clopidogrel was conducted.

Mesenchymal stem cells exert their anti-asthmatic effects through macrophage modulation in a murine chronic asthma model.

Despite numerous previous studies, the full action mechanism of the pathogenesis of asthma remains undiscovered, and the need for further investigation is increasing in order to identify more effective target molecules. Recent attempts to develop more efficacious treatments for asthma have incorporated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of MSCs primed with Liproxstatin-1, a potent ferroptosis inhibitor.

Ischemia/Reperfusion Induces Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression in Microglia.

Innate immune signaling is important in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (stroke)-induced injury and recovery. Several lines of evidence support a central role for microglia in these processes. Recent work has identified Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in both ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury and ischemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection.

Successful Anticoagulation Therapy for Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Mobile Aortic Thrombi.

Hypercoagulable states have been associated with aortic thrombosis. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is one of the commonest types of acquired thrombophilia. We report the case of successful anticoagulation management in an APS patient with mobile thrombi within the aorta.

Plexin C1 deficiency permits synaptotagmin 7-mediated macrophage migration and enhances mammalian lung fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and often fatal condition that is believed to be partially orchestrated by macrophages. Mechanisms that control migration of these cells into and within the lung remain undefined. We evaluated the contributions of the semaphorin receptor, plexin C1 (PLXNC1), and the exocytic calcium sensor, synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7), in these processes.

Cell-permeable Foxp3 protein alleviates autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease and allergic airway inflammation.

Foxp3 is a key transcription factor for differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells that is critical for maintaining immunological self-tolerance. Therefore, increasing Treg function by Foxp3 transduction to regulate an inflammatory immune response is an important goal for the treatment of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here we have generated a cell-permeable Foxp3 protein by fusion with the unique human HHph-1-PTD (protein transduction domain), examined its regulatory function in T cells, and characterized its therapeutic effect in autoimmune and allergic disease models.

Interleukin-10 prevents diet-induced insulin resistance by attenuating macrophage and cytokine response in skeletal muscle.

Objective: Insulin resistance is a major characteristic of type 2 diabetes and is causally associated with obesity. Inflammation plays an important role in obesity-associated insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with lower circulating levels in obese subjects, and acute treatment with IL-10 prevents lipid-induced insulin resistance.

Hydration and oxidation kinetics of a proton conductor oxide, SrCe(0.95)Yb(0.05)O(2.975).

The oxidation and hydration kinetics of a proton conductor oxide, SrCe(0.95)Yb(0.05)O(2.