Assessing the impact of climatic factors on biosphere dose conversion factors in long-term safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal.

Climate factors from different regions were employed to assess the impact on Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors (BDCF) in the biosphere assessment of radioactive waste disposal. Climate characteristics of tropical and subtropical regions were considered alongside diverse climatic regions, observing the influence of different radionuclides. Data on annual rainfall, monthly rainfall distribution, temperature, and sunlight were collected for various regions.

The impact of different temporal resolution rainfall data on biosphere model of long-term safety assessment in groundwater release scenario for radioactive waste disposal in the tropical monsoon zone.

The impact of different temporal resolutions of rainfall data on the Biosphere assessment for radioactive waste disposal in the tropical monsoon region with concentrated rainfall is evaluated in this research. Two scenarios are considered to verify the effect of release location. A simplified surface water budget model is used to generate the surface water flow rates for the biosphere model, which is implemented using three different temporal averaging intervals to consider the uncertainty caused by short-term impact.

Factors associated with quality of life in patients with diabetic hypoglycaemia.

Aims And Objectives: To identify determinants of quality of life among patients who had experienced hypoglycaemia and who were undergoing insulin treatment.

Background: Patients with diabetes receiving insulin treatment are at high risk for hypoglycaemia, which tends to affect their quality of life.

Design: With a cross-sectional and observational study design (see the STROBE checklist and Appendix S1).

Diabetes mellitus increases severity of thrombocytopenia in dengue-infected patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is known to exacerbate bacterial infection, but its effect on the severity of viral infection has not been well studied. The severity of thrombocytopenia is an indicator of the severity of dengue virus infection. We investigated whether diabetes is associated with thrombocytopenia in dengue-infected patients.

Urea biosensor based on an extended-base bipolar junction transistor.

In this study, a urea biosensor was prepared by the immobilization of urease onto the sensitive membrane of an extended-base bipolar junction transistor. The pH variation was used to detect the concentration of urea. The SnO2/ITO glass, fabricated by sputtering SnO2 on the conductive ITO glass, was used as a pH-sensitive membrane, which was connected with a commercial bipolar junction transistor device.

Toxicity of propargylic alcohols on green alga--Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

The present study evaluates the toxicity of 34 propargylic alcohols, including primary, primary homo-, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, based on their effects on phytoplankton. A closed-system algal toxicity test was applied because the closed-system technique presents more realistic concentration-response relationships for the above compounds than the conventional batch tests. The green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, was the test organism and final yield and growth rate were chosen as the test endpoints.

Carbon nanotube composites for glucose biosensor incorporated with reverse iontophoresis function for noninvasive glucose monitoring.

This study aims to develop an amperometric glucose biosensor, based on carbon nanotubes material for reverse iontophoresis, fabricated by immobilizing a mixture of glucose oxidase (GOD) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) epoxy-composite, on a planar screen-printed carbon electrode. MWCNT was employed to ensure proper incorporation into the epoxy mixture and faster electron transfer between the GOD and the transducer. Results showed this biosensor possesses a low detection potential (+500 mV), good sensitivity (4 microA/mM) and an excellent linear response range (r(2) = 0.

A preliminary study of the use of bioimpedance in the screening of squamous tongue cancer.

Oral cancers are the 11th most common malignancy reported worldwide, accounting for 3% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases, and one with high mortality ratios among all malignancies. The objective of this study was to study the electrical properties of cancerous tongue tissue (CTT) and normal tongue tissue (NTT). Five tongue cancer patients participated in this study.

The use of bioimpedance in the detection/screening of tongue cancer.

Oral cancers are the 11th most common malignancy reported worldwide, accounting for 3% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases, and one with high mortality ratios among all malignancies. The objectives of this study were therefore to study the electrical properties of cancerous tongue tissue and normal tongue tissue, as well as to investigate a new approach for low-cost, noninvasive, and real-time screening of oral cancer. Twelve tongue cancer patients and twelve healthy subjects participated in this study.

A mediated glucose biosensor incorporated with reverse iontophoresis function for noninvasive glucose monitoring.

The objective of this study was to develop a ferrocene mediated glucose biosensor for reverse iontophoresis. An amperometric ferrocene mediated glucose biosensor based on a three electrodes planar configuration was constructed using screen printing technique. Different combinations of glucose oxidase and ferrocene loading were drop coated onto the surface of the amperometric transducer.

Estimating low-toxic-effect concentrations in closed-system algal toxicity tests.

The no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC) and EC(10) values for 108 organic compounds were estimated, using multiple endpoints (i.e., biopopulation, growth rate, and dissolved oxygen production), from previous data obtained by a closed-system algal toxicity test (test alga: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata).

Toxicity and quantitative structure-activity relationships of benzoic acids to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

The present study presents the toxicity data of benzoic acid and its derivatives on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, in terms of EC50 and NOEC values. Median effective concentrations (EC50) range from 0.55 to 270.

Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of three estrogen receptors from the cyprinid fish Varicorhinus barbatulus.

We present molecular cloning and tissue expression analysis of three estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, vbERalpha, vbERbeta1 and vbERbeta2, from liver of the cyprinid fish Varicorhinus barbatulus through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis reconfirmed the evolutionary relationship of V. barbatulus within the family Cypriniformes.

An algal toxicity database of organic toxicants derived by a closed-system technique.

The current study presents the toxicity data of 90 organic compounds with various modes of actions to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The assessment was conducted using a closed-system technique, and a biomass-type end point based on the cell density was employed. The above toxicity data were compared with test results from ciliate (Tetrahymena pyriformis), water flea (Daphnia magna), fish (Pimephales promelas), and luminescent bacteria (Photobacterium phosphoreum).

Toxicity of substituted anilines to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis for polar narcotics.

This study evaluated the toxic effects of substituted anilines on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata with the use of a closed algal toxicity testing technique with no headspace. Two response endpoints (i.e.

Application of a yeast estrogen screen in non-biomarker species Varicorhinus barbatulus fish with two estrogen receptor subtypes to assess xenoestrogens.

Xenoestrogens can interfere with normal estrogen signaling by competitively binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) and activating transcription of target genes. In this study, we cloned the estrogen receptor alpha (vbERalpha) and beta 2 (vbERbeta2) genes from liver of the indigenous Taiwanese cyprinid fish Varicorhinus barbatulus and tested the direct impact of several xenoestrogens on these ERs. Transcriptional activity of xenoestrogens was measured by the enzymatic activity of estrogen responsive element (ERE)-containing beta-galactosidase in a yeast reporter system.

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for toxicity of nonpolar narcotic chemicals to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

This study presents data for 27 nonpolar narcotic compounds regarding toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as evaluated using a closed-system algal toxicity test with an exposure time of 48 h. Two test endpoints, dissolved oxygen production and algal growth rate, were used to assess the toxicity of nonpolar narcotic chemicals on algae. Hydrophobicity (1-octanol-water partition coefficient [K(OW)]) provided satisfactory descriptions for the toxicity of nonpolar narcotic compounds, and quantitative structure-activity relationships based on log K(OW) were established.

Metal toxicity to Chlorella pyrenoidosa assessed by a short-term continuous test.

This study presents the metal toxicity as revealed by Chlorella pyrenoidosa using a short-term continuous test and the conventional batch test. Toxicity tests were conducted in a chemostat with a test duration of 1 day. Toxicity data of five different metals (Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, and Zn) derived from the continuous test were compared against results from the conventional batch tests.

Toxicity and quantitative structure-activity relationships of nitriles based on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

This study presents the toxicity data of various nitriles to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata using a closed algal toxicity testing technique with no headspace. Two different response endpoints, i.e.

The combined toxic effects of nonpolar narcotic chemicals to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.

This paper presents the toxicity data of 10 nonpolar narcotic chemicals on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green algae) assessed by a new algal toxicity testing technique conducted under air-tight environment. Based on DO production, median effective concentration (EC50) varies from 1.73 mg/L (1-octanol) to 8,040 mg/L (2-propanol).

Toxicity assessment of pesticides to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata under air-tight test environment.

This paper presents the toxicity data of seven pesticides including atrazine, parathion, dichlorvos, malathion, fenthion, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and pentachlorophenol on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata based on a new algal toxicity testing technique conducted under air-tight environment. The dissolved oxygen production and the cell density were adopted as the response endpoints. Median effective concentrations (EC50) range from 0.

Toxicity of chlorophenols to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata under air-tight test environment.

A closed-system algal toxicity test with no headspace was applied to evaluate the toxicity of chlorophenols to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The dissolved oxygen production and the growth rate based on cell density were the response endpoints. Phenol and seven chlorophenols were tested using the above test technique.

Individual and combined toxicity of nitriles and aldehydes to Raphidocelis subcapitata.

A closed-system algal toxicity test with no headspace was applied to evaluate the toxicity of 11 aldehydes and two nitriles to Raphidocelis subcapitata. Algal growth rate and dissolved oxygen (DO) production were used as the test endpoints. Compared to literature data, our test results based on the endpoint of DO production is 2.

A novel algal toxicity testing technique for assessing the toxicity of both metallic and organic toxicants.

This study presents a closed-system algal toxicity test technique that is capable of detecting the effects of both organic and metallic toxicants. Toxicity testing was conducted by transferring adequate amounts of algal suspension, dilution water (with culture growth medium), and toxicants into 300-mL BOD bottles. The BOD bottles were completely filled up with no head-space left.

Synthesis and energy transfer efficiency of FRET terminators derived from different linkers.

A number of different energy transfer dye labeled-cassettes were synthesized using aminoacid based trifunctional linkers and coupled to the propargylamino-substituted dideoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphates (ddNTPs). These terminators were evaluated for their energy transfer efficiency and DNA sequencing potential using thermostable DNA polymerase.