Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) on Biomarker Expression in Breast Cancer.

: This study aimed to explore biomarker change after NAC (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and to investigate biomarker expression as a prognostic factor in patients with residual disease (RD) after NAC. : We retrospectively evaluated 104 patients with invasive breast cancer, who underwent NAC and surgery at Pusan National University Hospital from 2015 to July 2022. The expression of the biomarker was assessed, and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated.

Clinical outcomes of esophageal granular cell tumors with different endoscopic resection methods.

Esophageal granular cell tumors (GCTs), the second most common subepithelial tumors (SETs) of the esophagus, are potentially malignant with no definite management guidelines available. We retrospectively enrolled 35 patients with endoscopically resected esophageal GCTs between December 2008 and October 2021 and evaluated the clinical outcomes from the various methods performed. Several modified endoscopic mucosal resections (EMRs) were performed for treating esophageal GCTs.

B7-H3 expression is associated with high PD-L1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and predicts poor prognosis.

Background: Clear cell Renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an immunogenic tumor. B7 family members, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, are the main components of immune checkpoints that regulate various immune responses. Specifically, B7-H3 regulates T cell-mediated immune responses against cancer.

DNA Extracted from Cytologic Slides Is a Valuable Source for PCR-Based Molecular Tests.

Introduction: DNA extracted from cytologic samples is occasionally used for various molecular tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA extracted from differently prepared cytologic slides that can be used for PCR-based molecular tests.

Methods: For each 23 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma or colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues, six touch-imprinted cytological slides were prepared (group 1∼3), and remnant tissues were blocked for FFPE tissue (group 4).

Combination conventional endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound can differentiate between esophageal granular cell tumors and leiomyomas.

Esophageal leiomyomas and granular cell tumors (GCTs) are the 2 most common subepithelial tumors found in the esophagus. We attempted to differentiate the 2 tumors using endoscopic findings and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features. Between December 2008 and June 2021, a total of 38 esophageal GCTs and 11 esophageal leiomyomas originating from the muscularis mucosa were selected.

NOL4 is a novel nuclear marker of small cell carcinoma and other neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) have characteristic histologies, but immunohistochemistry using neuroendocrine markers is still desirable to confirm diagnosis. CD56 is the most sensitive marker, but also stains various normal tissues and other tumors. Recently, we reported that nucleolar protein 4 (NOL4) is present in the blood of SCLC patients and found it was stained in the SCLC nuclei.

Tenosynovitis with Rice Body Formation with Literature Review.

Rice body formation is a rare response to chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane. It is most commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis. Recently, there have been reports of rice bodies caused by non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

Primary testicular carcinoid tumor with marked lymphovascular invasion.

Testicular carcinoid tumors are very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all testicular tumors. We report a rare case of a testicular carcinoid tumor with extensive lymphatic invasion. A 42-year-old man presented with a painless, enlarged right testicular mass.

mTOR Inhibition Increases Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) Activity and Modulates Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The efficacy of programmed death ligand (PD-L)-1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. The effects of mTOR inhibitors are uncertain, and patients may develop resistance to them. The limited understanding of cancer cell-intrinsic mTOR-mediated pathways remains a challenge in developing effective treatments.

Unilateral synchronous papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity and clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a case report with KRAS and PIK3CA mutations.

Background: The presence of histologically different neoplasms in the same organ is rare in pathologic practice. We report the first case of synchronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma (clear cell RCC) and papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) with comprehensive immunohistochemical and molecular characterization using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old man was incidentally found to have a left renal mass on imaging studies performed for workup of left back pain and urine color change for 1 week.

Primary pleural liposarcoma combined spindle cell lipoma of the lung.

Liposarcoma is a malignant adipose tissue tumor which mainly originates from the extremities and retroperitoneum. Primary pleural liposarcoma is very rare. Spindle cell lipoma is a rare benign adipose tissue tumor.

Gastric-type gene expression and phenotype in non-terminal respiratory unit type adenocarcinoma of the lung with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma morphology.

Aims: We sought to determine if non-terminal respiratory unit (TRU) type adenocarcinoma of lung with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) morphology shows gastric differentiation.

Methods And Results: We reviewed whole-section images of 489 cases of lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TCGA data were classified into 426 TRU type adenocarcinoma, 49 IMA and 14 unclassifiable.

TFE3 translocation and protein expression in renal cell carcinoma are correlated with poor prognosis.

Aims: Since Xp11.2 translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma (TRCC) was first recognised, its morphological features and the clinical significance of TFE3 expression, frequency of gene translocation and diagnostic criteria have been the subject of limited studies. The present retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the correlation between TFE3 immunoreactivity and its gene translocation status using fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) and determine how TFE3 translocation and expression affect patient prognosis differently.

A peculiar case report of extraovarian Brenner tumor arising in the omentum.

Background: Brenner tumors almost always develop in the ovary. Exceptionally, extraovarian Brenner tumors have been reported in the lower abdomen or pelvic organs. Here, we introduce a peculiar case of an extraovarian Brenner tumor arising in the omentum.

Gastrointestinal tract spindle cell tumors with interstitial cells of Cajal: Prevalence excluding gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Leiomyomas and schwannomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are mainly comprised of spindle-shaped tumor cells and should always be differentiated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) and discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1) are well-known diagnostic markers for the detection of a GIST by immunohistochemical staining. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and significance of spindle cell tumors of the GIT with KIT- or DOG1-positive spindle-shaped cells, presumed to be interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), other than GISTs.

Risk of lymph node metastasis in mixed-type early gastric cancer determined by the extent of the poorly differentiated component.

Aim: To predict the rate of lymph node (LN) metastasis in diffuse- and mixed-type early gastric cancers (EGC) for guidelines of the treatment.

Methods: We reviewed 550 cases of EGC with diffuse- and mixed-type histology. We investigated the clinicopathological factors and histopathological components that influence the probability of LN metastasis, including sex, age, site, gross type, presence of ulceration, tumour size, depth of invasion, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and LN metastasis status.

PSMB8 and PBK as potential gastric cancer subtype-specific biomarkers associated with prognosis.

Gastric adenocarcinoma is a common form of cancer associated with a poor prognosis. We analyzed microarray profiling data from 48 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma to characterize gastric cancer subtypes and identify biomarkers associated with prognosis. We identified two major subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma differentially associated with overall survival (P = 0.

Nodular fasciitis of the parotid gland, masquerading as pleomorphic adenoma.

It is difficult to distinguish nodular fasciitis (NF) from other neoplasm of the parotid gland, especially pleomorphic adenoma (PA) by fine needle aspiration cytology. A 39-year-old female noticed a mass in the parotid region. The aspirate material showed cohesive parts composed of the cells that had oval or spindle-shaped nuclei and relatively abundant cytoplasm and some cells with plasmacytoid features.