Visual Attention Performances and Related Cerebral Microstructural Integrity Among Subjects With Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

To compare visual attention performances and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) between subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to discover neuronal substrates related to visual attention performances. Thirty-nine subjects with SCD and 15 with MCI, diagnosed following neuropsychological tests and conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging, were recruited. All subjects were further examined by the Conners Continuous Performance Test 3 (CPT3) and DTI including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), in which group comparisons and stepwise linear regression were made.

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: a case report with magnetic resonance tractography and electrophysiological study.

Background: Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital anomaly characterized by horizontal gaze limitation and progressive scoliosis. We investigated the underlying pathogenesis by incorporating diffusion tensor imaging and an electrophysiological study.

Case Presentation: A 55-year-old female patient presented to our clinic due to a chronic history of eye movement limitation since childhood.

ATF4 overexpression induces early onset of hyperlipidaemia and hepatic steatosis and enhances adipogenesis in zebrafish.

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues, and regulates several pathological features associated with metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and obesity. However, the role of ATF4 in animal model systems is poorly understood. To investigate ATF4 functions in zebrafish, we conditionally expressed ATF4 proteins, using a Tet-off transgenic system.

Comparison of neuropsychiatric symptoms and diffusion tensor imaging correlates among patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The causes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) vary according to the dementia subtype and associated neuropathology. The present study aimed to (i) compare BPSD between patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) across stages, and (ii) explore the associations with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the corpus callosum (CC) and other major fibers.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with SIVD and 32 with AD were recruited.

Effectiveness of diffusion tensor imaging in differentiating early-stage subcortical ischemic vascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and normal ageing.

Objective: To describe and compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters between patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosed using structuralized neuropsychiatric assessments, and investigate potential neuronal substrates related to cognitive performance.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with SIVD, 40 patients with AD, and 33 cognitively normal control (NC) subjects matched by age and education level were consecutively recruited and underwent cognitive function assessments and DTI examinations. Comparisons among these three subgroups with regards to cognitive performance and DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values were performed.

A Case of Multiple System Atrophy with Preexisting Alzheimer's Disease and Predating The Hot Cross Bun Sign.

Purpose: Synucleinopathy, tauopathy and amyloidopathy were classified as distinct clinical and pathological entities in traditional classification systems, and their interactions have been studied on neuropathology and molecular genetics recently.

Case Report: In this report, we present a 69-year-old male patient who had been diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia due to progressive forgetfulness in February 2013. His Mini- Mental State Examination score was 21/30, and his Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score was 78/100, resulted from profound deficits in recent memory and abstract thinking domains.

Frontal Assessment Battery as a Useful Tool to Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease from Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Prominent executive dysfunction can differentiate vascular dementia from Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) screening tool can differentiate subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) from AD at the pre-dementia stage. In addition, the neural correlates of FAB performance have yet to be clarified.

Tc-99m-ECD SPECT as the measure for therapeutic response in patients with cobalamin deficiency: Two case reports.

Background: Cobalamin (Cbl) is an essential vitamin for human health. While an increasing body of evidence supports the negative impact of Cbl deficiency on cognition, the causality has yet to be determined, and the reported therapeutic responses after Cbl supplement therapy have been inconsistent. Besides, few reports have described neuroimaging characteristics associated with the therapeutic response.

Ischemic stroke in a young patient with Fahr's disease: a case report.

Background: Fahr's disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diffuse intracranial calcium deposition and associated cell loss mainly in bilateral basal ganglia and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and epileptic syncope had been reported as acute presentation of Fahr's disease. We here report a 36-year-old male Indonesian diagnosed as Fahr's disease presenting with young-onset ischemic stroke.

Reversible Changes of Brain Perfusion SPECT for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning-Induced Severe Akinetic Mutism.

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients who experienced carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and subsequently developed severe delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) with akinetic mutism. We determined whether these changes were reversible in parallel with improvements in neuropsychological function in response to treatment, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Methods: Patients who developed severe DNS with akinetic mutism after acute CO intoxication between 2007 and 2011 were enrolled.

Correlation of Tc-99 m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography and clinical presentations in patients with low cobalamin status.

Background: Cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency has been associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms of different severities. While some studies dedicated in structural neuroimaging credibly address negative impact of low Cbl status, functional imaging reports are limited. We herein retrospectively review the correlation of Tc-99 m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography (Tc-99 m-ECD SPECT) and clinical presentations among patients with low serum cobalamin (Cbl) status (<250 pg/ml).

Vitamin B12 deficiency: Characterization of psychometrics and MRI morphometrics.

Objectives: Vitamin B12 is essential for the integrity of the central nervous system. However, performances in different cognitive domains relevant to vitamin B12 deficiency remain to be detailed. To date, there have been limited studies that examined the relationships between cognitions and structural neuroimaging in a single cohort of low-vitamin B12 status.

A Rare Case of Painful Trigeminal Neuropathy Secondary to Lateral Medullary Infarct: Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Studies.

Purpose: To report a rare case of painful trigeminal neuropathy after lateral medullary infarct and probe its underlying pathogenesis on the basis of neuroimaging and electrophysiological study.

Case Report: A 45-year-old man presented acute onset of unsteady gait followed by paroxysmal and electric shock-like headache in the distribution of ophthalmic branch of left trigeminal nerve in 2 days. Neurological examinations showed hypoesthesia in the distribution of mandibular branch of left trigeminal nerve and left appendicular ataxia.

Utilizing Cerebral Perfusion Scan and Diffusion-tensor MR Imaging to Evaluate the Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Carbon Monoxide-induced Delayed Neuropsychiatric Seqeulae- A Case Report and Literature Review.

Purpose: Detection of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and/or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate functional defect of brain caused by carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. In this report, we attempted to demonstrate the correlation of changes in brain singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT) and diffusion-tensor MR image (DTI) with functional improvement of severe delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after CO intoxication during the treatment of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Case Report: The patient had normal activities of daily life after he recovered from acute CO poisoning.

Bortezomib-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and imaging features.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare and potentially harmful complication in patients receiving targeted chemotherapy. We herein present a case of PRES that occurred after 33 days of high-dose bortezomib treatment and propose both overwhelmed cerebral autoregulation and toxin-mediated blood-brain barrier damage as the underlying mechanisms based on the imaging findings. A favorable recovery was observed two days after achieving stringent hypertension control and withholding bortezomib.

Comparison of diffusion-weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging on a single baseline MRI for demonstrating dissemination in time in multiple sclerosis.

Background: The 2010 Revisions to the McDonald Criteria have established that dissemination in time (DIT) of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be demonstrated by simultaneous presence of asymptomatic gadolinium-enhancing and nonenhancing lesions on a single magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have contraindications. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can detect diffusion alterations in active inflammatory lesions.

Comparison of the 2010 and 2005 versions of the McDonald MRI criteria for dissemination-in-time in Taiwanese patients with classic multiple sclerosis.

In 2010, the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis revised the 2005 version of the McDonald criteria. The revisions to MRI dissemination-in-time criteria include adoption of a new criterion by demonstration of simultaneous asymptomatic gadolinium-enhancing and nonenhancing lesions on baseline MRI scans. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic validity of the modified MRI dissemination-in-time criteria.

Intracerebral hemorrhage following endovascular embolization of brain arteriovenous malformation with a combination of Onyx and n-butyl cyanoacrylate: a case report.

We report a 29-year-old female patient who developed intracerebral hemorrhage 16 h after endovascular embolization of a brain arteriovenous malformation with a combination of liquid embolic agents of Onyx and n-butyl cyanoacrylate. After emergent craniectomy with evacuation of the hematoma, the patient recovered consciousness with mild expressive aphasia. The possible etiology of postembolization brain hemorrhage was discussed, and the literature was reviewed.

Acute cerebral infarction masked by a brain tumor.

We report on an 81-year-old man who presented with left limbs weakness and was brought to the emergency room where a brain computed tomography revealed a tumor at the right parasellar region. The patient was admitted to the neurosurgery department, and the symptoms were thought to be due to the tumor mass effect. The final diagnosis turned out to be acute ischemic infarction with an incidentally found brain tumor following angiography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Novel influenza A (H1N1)-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis with severe neurological sequelae and unique image features--a case report.

Since the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) in 2009, various neurological complications have been cited. We described a male patient with H1N1-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis presenting with severe neurological symptoms and signs. Residual neurological sequelae were dominant.

Modifications to the McDonald MRI dissemination in space criteria for use in Asians with classic multiple sclerosis: the Taiwanese experience.

Background: The McDonald MRI dissemination in space criteria have been found to be less sensitive when applied to Asians with classic multiple sclerosis. The Asian neurological community thus proposed modifications to the criteria with reduction of minimal number of T2 lesions from nine to four, and removal of restriction on spinal cord lesion length and morphology for use in Asians.

Objective: The study is to examine the accuracy of modified MRI dissemination in space criteria for prediction of conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to definite multiple sclerosis according to patients' baseline MRI.

Do aggressive imaging features correlate with advanced histopathological grade in meningiomas?

Atypical and malignant meningiomas are more likely to recur than benign meningiomas. We aimed to distinguish atypical and malignant meningiomas from benign meningiomas based on imaging findings. Between 2004 and 2007, a total of 75 patients with resected intracranial meningiomas were retrospectively reviewed.