Chlorogenic Acid as a Positive Regulator in LPS-PG-Induced Inflammation via TLR4/MyD88-Mediated NF-B and PI3K/MAPK Signaling Cascades in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Gingival inflammation is one of the main causes that can be related to various periodontal diseases. Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) is the major constituent in periodontal connective tissue and secretes various inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE), upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This study is aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on LPS- (LPS-PG-) stimulated HGF-1 cells.

Chrysoeriol ameliorates COX-2 expression through NF-κB, AP-1 and MAPK regulation via the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.

Chrysoeriol is a flavonoid that has diverse biological properties, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, chemoprevention and immunomodulation. Despite its reported anti-inflammatory activity, the exact underlying molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of chrysoeriol involving lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its upstream signaling molecules was investigated in RAW 264.

Luteolin and luteolin-7--glucoside protect against acute liver injury through regulation of inflammatory mediators and antioxidative enzymes in GalN/LPS-induced hepatitic ICR mice.

Background/objectives: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of luteolin and luteolin-7--glucoside were compared in galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitic ICR mice.

Materials/methods: Male ICR mice (6 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: normal control, GalN/LPS, luteolin, and luteolin-7--glucoside groups. The latter two groups were administered luteolin or luteolin-7--glucoside (50 mg/kg BW) daily by gavage for 3 weeks after which hepatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of GalN and LPS (1 g/kg BW and 10 µg/kg BW, respectively).

Alleviated Oxidative Damage by through the Induction of Nrf2-MAPK/PI3K Mediated HO-1 Activation in Murine Macrophages RAW 264.7 Cell Line.

has been consumed as a folk remedy due to its diverse physiological activities. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative potential of water extract (TOWE) and ethanol extract (TOEE) against oxidative stress and compare their molecular mechanism via the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW 264.7 cells.

TOP 1 and 2, polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale, inhibit NFκB-mediated inflammation and accelerate Nrf2-induced antioxidative potential through the modulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale (TOP 1 and 2) were analyzed in RAW 264.7 cells. First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to identify anti-inflammatory activity of TOPs, which reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through modulation of NF-κB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt signaling cascades in RAW 264.7 cells.

Luteolin is a flavonoid found in abundance in celery, green pepper, and dandelions. Previous studies have shown that luteolin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, the anti-inflammatory capacity of luteolin and one of its glycosidic forms, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were compared and their molecular mechanisms of action were analyzed.

The isolation and in situ identification of MSCs residing in loose connective tissues using a niche-preserving organ culture system.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been discovered in a multitude of organs, but their distribution and identity are still uncertain. Furthermore, loose connective tissue (LCT) is dispersed throughout virtually all organs, but its biological role in tissue homeostasis is unclear. Here, we describe a unique organ culture system to explore the omnipresence and in situ identity of MSCs among the LCTs.

Fibrinolytic and antiplatelet aggregation properties of a recombinant Cheonggukjang kinase.

This study characterized the efficacy of recombinant Cheonggukjang kinase (CGK) 3-5-rich fraction as a thrombolytic agent, which we overexpressed in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC10716, a strain normally lacking fibrinolytic activity. We found that CGK3-5 is a plasmin-like protease that directly degrades fibrin clots and does not activate plasminogen during fibrin clot lysis and platelet-rich clot lysis assays. We also confirmed antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity by CGK3-5-rich fraction both in vitro and in vivo.

Luteolin and chicoric acid synergistically inhibited inflammatory responses via inactivation of PI3K-Akt pathway and impairment of NF-κB translocation in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin and chicoric acid, two abundant constituents of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Co-treatment with luteolin and chicoric acid synergistically reduced cellular concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and also inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Taraxacum officinale Weber extracts inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production via the NF-κB modulation in RAW 264.7 cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers, Asteraceae) has been widely used in folklore medicine to treat dyspepsia, heartburn, and spleen and liver disorders.

Amelioration of oxidative stress by dandelion extract through CYP2E1 suppression against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The protective effects of common dandelion leaf water extract (DLWE) were investigated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatitis in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into five groups: normal control, DLWE control, CCl4 control, and two DLWE groups (0.5 and 2 g/kg bw).

Methionine supplementation accelerates oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappaB activation in livers of C57BL/6 mice.

The present study was designed to investigate whether hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) induced by methionine supplementation promotes oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation in livers of C57BL/6 mice when fed a 2% methionine and low folate (1 mg/kg) diet for 12 weeks. Plasma homocysteine concentrations of mice fed methionine were found to be 49 micromol/L by 12 weeks of feeding, which was five times higher than that of controls. HHcy induced by methionine feeding significantly increased oxidative stress, as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < .

Protective effect of pinitol against D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats fed on a high-fat diet.

The protective effect of pinitol against D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver damage was examined. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, GalN control, and pinitol groups (0.5%, 1%, and 2%).

Inhibitory effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide on benzo(a)pyrene- and cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.

Depsipeptide (FK228 or FR901228) was evaluated in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test for its possible protective effect against chromosomal damage induced by benzo(a)pyrene and cyclophosphamide. Three doses of depsipeptide (0.5, 1, and 1.