Background: With the global increase in metabolic disorders, identifying effective dietary strategies is crucial for enhancing health outcomes. While various health advantages of alkaline reduced water (ARW) have been documented, its specific impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism in both healthy and diabetic conditions are still not well understood.
Methods: This study investigates how ARW affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in male Wistar rats, which were induced to develop glucose metabolism disorders through subcutaneous injections of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (STZ).
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with chronic inflammation exacerbated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Mung beans have a longstanding reputation in traditional medicine for their purported ability to lower blood glucose levels, prompting interest in their pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mung bean water (MBW) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a T2DM rat model induced by nicotinamide/streptozotocin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSyrian hamsters are valuable models for studying lipid metabolism due to their sensitivity to dietary cholesterol, yet the precise impact of varying cholesterol levels has not been comprehensively assessed. This study examined the impact of varying dietary cholesterol levels on lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters. Diets ranging from 0% to 1% cholesterol were administered to assess lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Due to its prevalence, recurrence, and the emergence of drug-resistance, vaginitis significantly impacts the well-being of women. Although cinnamon essential oil (CEO) possesses antifungal activity, its hydrophobic properties limit its clinical application.
Purpose: To overcome this challenge, a nanoemulsification technology was employed to prepare cinnamon essential oil-nanoemulsion (CEO@NE), and its therapeutic efficacy and action mechanism for vaginitis was investigated in vivo and in vitro.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of stacked β-amyloid peptides in the brain and associated with the generation of oxidative stress. So far, there is no cure for AD or a way to stop its progression. Although the neuroprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract and G.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF, an edible green alga, contains sulfated polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-allergic effects of -derived samples of polysaccharides (UP), oligosaccharides (UO), and residues (UR) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Oral treatment of mice with UP, UO, and UR (250 mg/kg body weight) daily noticeably improved the DTH reaction as evidenced by attenuation of footpad swelling and cell infiltration at the allergen-challenge site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: is recognized as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine, and there have been documented findings on the anti-allergic properties of its extract derived from the fruiting body. Due to the limited availability of wild , a specialized grain substrate has been devised for the solid-state fermentation of its fruiting bodies. However, the fermented grain substrate is considered waste and usually used as feeds for animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe medicinal benefits of green seaweed have been documented in traditional Chinese medicine literatures. Sulfated polysaccharides found in are recognized as the primary bioactive compounds, known for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite this knowledge, the available information regarding anti-allergic activities of remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Intravaginal vaccination is an encouraging approach to prevent infectious vaginitis, with nanoemulsions showing effectiveness as mucosal adjuvants.
Purpose: This study aimed to formulate a nanoemulsion incorporating oligosaccharide (PO@NE) and assess its effectiveness as a mucosal adjuvant in intravaginal vaccines against candidal vaginitis.
Materials And Methods: PO@NE was prepared, and the stability, immunomodulatory activity and cytotoxicity were screened in vitro.
Background: Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal pathogen, affecting over 75% of women who have experienced candidal vaginitis. Given the identification of drug-resistant C. albicans strains, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic methods for treating vaginal Candida infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough citrus peel is a waste material, it contains a variety of bioactive components. As our preliminary findings showed that citrus peels fermented with T1 contained increased levels of anti-obesity flavonoids, the objective of this study was to prepare fermented citrus peel and to investigate its effect on ameliorating obesity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). After fermentation, the amounts of limonene, nobiletin and 3-methoxynobiletin in citrus peel were markedly increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2020, approximately 9.3 billion tons of crustaceans were consumed, and 45-48% of shrimp shell (SS) by-products were discarded as waste. In this study, the SS of was fermented by LV33204, LV2122 (strong proteolytic activity), and LV1111 (chitin-degrading activity), and the optimal fermentation conditions of liquid-fermented SS was established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperuricemia is a disease caused by a high level of uric acid in the blood. It is an important factor for gout and may be linked to renal and hepatic failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypouricemic effects of submerged culture of .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of FPS 2520 and/or N1 fermented soybean meal (SBM) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated by assessing plasma glucose levels, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress-induced organ damage. Supplementation with FPS 2520- and/or N1-fermented SBM (500 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight per day) to HFD-induced obese rats for 6 weeks significantly down-regulated the concentration of plasma glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), as well as the concentration of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and the value of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In addition, plasma and hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were alleviated in rats fed fermented SBM, especially SBM fermented by mixed strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccination is regarded as the most effective intervention for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide comprehensive information on lipid squalene nanoparticle (SQ@NP)-adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccines regarding modulating immune response and enhancing vaccine efficacy. After being adjuvanted with SQ@NP, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) subunit protein was intramuscularly (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the hypoglycemic potential of brewer's yeast extract has been reported, there is limited information pertaining to the hypoglycemic ingredients of extract and their mechanisms of action available. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro hypoglycemic effect of extract and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. extract was mainly composed of proteins followed by carbohydrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study describes the assessment of mucosal adjuvant activity of a squalene-based nanoemulsion (SQ@NE) following intravaginal delivery in mice. After immunization, a high level of recruitment of CD11b/c granulocytes and F4/80 macrophages was observed in the vaginal mucosal tissues of the mice immunized with a model protein ovalbumin (OVA) formulated with SQ@NE, and then downstream regulated the expression of MHC II and costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on CD11c cells harvested from the associated draining lymph node. With respect to cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity, the mice immunized with SQ@NE-formulated OVA elicited a high population of OVA-specific CD8 cells in the spleen and increased the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-17 from OVA-restimulated splenocytes compared with those immunized with OVA alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the anti-allergic and prebiotic activities of diosgenin have been reported, the influence of diosgenin on intestinal immune and epithelial cells remains unclear. As the gut microbiota plays an important role in allergic disorders, this study aimed to investigate whether the anti-allergic diarrhea effect of diosgenin occurs via improving gut dysbiosis. In a murine food allergy model, the density of fecal bacterial growth on de Man, Rogossa and Sharpe (MRS) plates was diminished, and growth on reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) and lysogeny broth (LB) agar plates was elevated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses persist as a major global health concern. Vaccination remains the primary protective strategy against H5N1 and other novel avian influenza virus infections. We investigated the use of type IIb heat labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTIIb-B5) as a mucosal adjuvant for intranasal immunizations with recombinant HA proteins against H5N1 avian influenza viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe objective of this study was to identify the relevant fecal microbes from mice with food allergy and investigate the impact of these microbes on intestinal epithelial cells and allergen-specific T-cell responses. A murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy was employed. The profile of fecal microbiota was evaluated by the traditional plating method and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Emulsion adjuvants are a potent tool for effective vaccination; however, the size matters on mucosal signatures and the mechanism of action following intranasal vaccination remains unclear. Here, we launch a mechanistic study to address how mucosal membrane interacts with nanoemulsion of a well-defined size at cellular level and to elucidate the impact of size on tumor-associated antigen therapy.
Methods: The squalene-based emulsified particles at the submicron/nanoscale could be elaborated by homogenization/extrusion.
Human infections with H7N9 avian influenza A virus can result in severe diseases with high mortality. Developing an effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent its pandemic potential. Vaccine delivery routes via mucosal surfaces are known to elicit mucosal immune responses such as secretory IgA antibodies in mucosal fluids, thus providing first-line protection at infection sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle strain or mixed strains of FPS 2520 and N1 were used to ferment soybean meal (SBM), and the antiobesity activity of the fermented SBM product was investigated in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). After fermentation, free amino nitrogen, total peptide, and isoflavone contents were markedly raised, and genistein and daidzein were the major isoflavones in the fermented SBM. After fed with HFD for 10 weeks, obese Sprague-Dawley rats were orally treated with various fermented products for 6 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetic rats were daily fed with a high-cholesterol diet containing 1% or 3% freeze-dried whole submerged culture or its mycelia for 5 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight and plasma triglyceride levels were reduced, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were elevated in rats fed with powder supplement diets. Notably, supplements downregulated the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase, but upregulated the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in the perirenal adipose tissues.
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