Optimising operating theatre (OT) efficiency while maintaining the standardised patient care in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery with the dedicated spine team approach: a specialised spine unit experience.

Purpose: To report the efficiency of OT utilisation and perioperative outcomes with a dedicated spine team approach in AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgeries in a consecutive case operation list.

Methods: Three AIS patients operated in a day (8:00 AM-8:00 PM) by a dedicated spine team were recruited between 2021 and 2022. The dedicated team comprised of three senior spine consultants who operated using a dual attending surgeon strategy, an anaesthetic consultant, dedicated surgical scrub nurses, anaesthesiology nurses, radiographers, and neuromonitoring technicians.

Prediction of postoperative curve correction based on the supine radiographs for adult idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Background Context: Preoperative supine radiographs are mandatory in the new adult idiopathic scoliosis (AdIS) classification. Supine radiographs are easily reproducible and highly predictive of side bending radiographs. However, few studies evaluated the use of supine radiographs in predicting postoperative curve correction after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in AdIS.

The widths of the medial and lateral pedicle walls in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with major thoracic curves.

Background Context: The widths of medial and lateral pedicle walls in the normal spine of middle-aged and elderly adults have been investigated and these studies found that the medial pedicle wall was thicker than the lateral pedicle wall. However, none had evaluated the widths of medial and lateral pedicle walls on adolescent or young adult scoliotic spines.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the distribution and variation of medial and lateral pedicle wall widths throughout the different vertebral levels of the scoliotic spine and its differences according to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), maturity, curve types and curve severity in adolescent idiopathic scoliotic (AIS) patients with major thoracic curves.

Analysis of duration of different stages of surgery in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: comparison between severe versus non-severe AIS.

Purpose: Prolonged surgical duration in severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients is associated with increased blood loss and perioperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare the duration of each stage of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in severe AIS (Cobb angle ≥ 90°) with non-severe AIS patients. This analysis will identify the most time-consuming stage of PSF and help surgeons formulate strategies to shorten operative time.

A comparison between Boston brace and European braces in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: a systematic review based on the standardised Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) inclusion criteria for brace treatment.

Purpose: To compare the Boston brace and European braces using a standardised Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) inclusion criteria for brace treatment as well as consensus recommendations for treatment outcome.

Methods: This was a systematic review that was carried out using MeSH terminology in our search protocol in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov and Web of Science database between 1976 and 29th of Jan 2023.

What is the prevalence and distribution of narrow dysplastic and fully corticalized pedicles in Asian adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with major main thoracic curves? A computed tomography scan analysis of 6,494 pedicles.

Background Context: Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have higher prevalence of abnormal or dysplastic pedicles.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and distribution of narrow dysplastic and fully corticalized pedicles in Asian AIS patients with major main thoracic curves.

Design: Retrospective study.

Variations in the Number of Vertebrae, Prevalence of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra and Prevalence of Cervical Rib Among Surgical Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Analysis of 998 Radiographs.

Study Design: Retrospective Study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate variation in the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) and the prevalence of cervical ribs among surgical patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background Data: Due to variation in the number of thoracic or lumbar vertebrae, inaccurate identification of vertebral levels has been found to be a contributory factor to wrong-level surgery.

Psychological disorders in patients with orthopaedic oncological diseases and their coping strategies.

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression among orthopaedic oncology patients, their quality of life and coping strategies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients from the outpatient orthopaedic oncology clinic at a tertiary institution. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Brief Coping with Problems Experienced (Brief COPE).

Severe Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis had poorer perioperative outcome, higher complication rate, longer fusion and higher operative cost compared to non-severe scoliosis.

Purpose: To compare the perioperative outcome and operative cost of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery between severe and non-severe Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.

Methods: A total of 509 AIS patients who underwent single-staged PSF between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. Fifty-four severe scoliosis patients (Cobb angle ≥ 90°) were categorized into Gp1, and 455 non-severe scoliosis (Cobb angle < 90°) patients into Gp2.

Mid-long-term outcome and degeneration of the remaining unfused lumbar intervertebral disc in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients who had posterior spinal fusion surgery.

Purpose: To investigate mid-long-term effects of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who had posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery.

Methods: Forty-eight patients were recruited. Inclusion criteria were AIS patients who have had PSF surgery more than 10 years ago.

Factors Affecting Operation Duration in Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) Using Dual Attending Surgeon Strategy Among Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Patients.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study.

Summary Of Background Data: Prolonged operation duration in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery was associated with increased perioperative complications. However, the factors affecting operation duration in AIS surgery were unknown.

Feasibility of Single-Stage Posterior Passive Correction and Fusion Surgery for Congenital Scoliosis in Adolescent Patients Who Have Attained Skeletal Maturity.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: To report the perioperative and radiological outcomes of single-stage posterior passive correction and fusion (SSPPCF) in adolescent patients who present with congenital scoliosis.

Overview Of Literature: The surgical treatment for congenital scoliosis is complex.

Perioperative outcome and complications following single-staged Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) using pedicle screw instrumentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): a review of 1057 cases from a single centre.

Background: There has been a growing interest in using all pedicle screw construct in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery in recent years. However, studies focusing on perioperative outcome and complications utilizing only pedicle screw system in AIS population are lacking. This study aims to evaluate perioperative outcomes and to determine the prevalence of major and minor complications following single-staged PSF for AIS.

Patients' Perception and Satisfaction on Neck and Shoulder Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Objectives: To evaluate the perception and satisfaction among adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients on Neck Tilt with Medial Shoulder Imbalance and Lateral Shoulder Imbalance.

Methods: Lenke 1 and 2 AIS patients were stratified into 6 groups of preoperative/ postoperative and Patients were interviewed using Modified Neck and Shoulder Appearance and SRS-22r questionnaires.

Preoperative "Cervical Axis" Deviation Increases the Risk of Distal Adding-On Following Surgery in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between shoulder/ neck imbalance with distal adding-on phenomenon and to identify other risk factors in Lenke 1 and 2 (non-AR curves) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.

Methods: 100 Lenke 1 and 2 AIS patients with lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) cephalad to or at L1 were recruited.

A Comparison Between the Perioperative Outcomes of Female Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Versus Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis (AdIS) Following Posterior Spinal Fusion: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis Involving 425 Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective propensity score matching (PSM) study.

Objective: To investigate the perioperative outcomes comparing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and adult idiopathic scoliosis (AdIS) patients following posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Methods: 425 female AIS and AdIS patients who were operated (between January 2015 to March 2020) using a dual attending surgeon strategy were stratified into G1 (AIS aged 10-16 years old) and G2 (AdIS > 20 years old).

Dual attending surgeon strategy learning curve in single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery for 415 idiopathic scoliosis (IS) cases.

Background Context: The implementation of a dual attending surgeon strategy had improved perioperative outcomes of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients. Nevertheless, the learning curve of a dual attending surgeon practice in single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery has not been established.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical learning curve of a dual attending surgeon strategy in IS patients.

Predictive factors for correction rate in severe idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle ≥ 90°): an analysis of 128 patients.

Purpose: Knowledge on the factors affecting the correction rate (CR) aids in the surgical planning among severe idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the independent factors affecting CR among patients with severe IS (Cobb angle ≥ 90°) who underwent single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 128 severe IS patients who underwent single-staged PSF.

Learning Curve for a Dual Attending Surgeon Strategy in Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF): An Analysis of 105 Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients (Cobb Angle ≥90°).

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the learning curve of a dual attending surgeon strategy in severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Summary Of Background Data: The advantages of a dual attending surgeon strategy in improving the perioperative outcome in scoliosis surgery had been reported.

Rapid progression of scoliosis curve in a mature patient with undiagnosed pituitary macroadenoma: A rare case report.

Growth hormone secreting pituitary tumor or gigantism has not been previously reported to be associated with rapid progression of scoliosis in the literature. However, there are some reports indicating scoliosis can be worsened by growth hormone therapy in children and adolescents. A 19-year-old boy was referred to our institution for the treatment of a right thoracolumbar scoliosis.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare complication of scoliosis corrective surgery.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare but serious complication following scoliosis surgery. Early diagnosis and management are key factors for successful conservative treatment to avoid the need for emergency laparotomies which causes higher morbidity or even mortality. We report two adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with Cobb angle of 49° and 132°, respectively, and low body mass index who presented with SMA syndrome following posterior spinal fusion from T2 to L3 and were treated successfully with conservative management.

Perioperative outcome of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis: Single-staged posterior spinal fusion utilizing a dual attending surgeon strategy. A report of 41 patients.

Purpose: Various surgical strategies including combined approach and spinal osteotomies in severe rigid scoliosis had been reported with significant perioperative complication rates. The use of single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) utilizing a dual attending surgeon strategy for severe rigid scoliosis has not been widely reported.

Methods: This was a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the perioperative outcome of single-staged PSF in severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis patients (Cobb angle ≥90° and ≤30% flexibility).

Parents'/Patients' Perception of the Informed Consent Process and Surgeons Accountability in Corrective Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Prospective Study.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Objective: To determine the parents'/patients' perception on the informed consent process prior to posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.

Summary Of Background Data: Understanding parents/patients perspective on the process is important in order to achieve the goal of consent and prevent medico-legal implications.

Does Menses Affect the Risk of Blood Loss in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgeries?: A Propensity-Score Matching Study.

Study Design: Retrospective propensity score matching study.

Objective: To investigate whether menses affect intraoperative blood loss in female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgeries.

Summary Of Background Data: There were concerns whether patients having menses will have higher intraoperative blood loss if surgery were to be done during this period.

A Positive (+ve) Postoperative Upper Instrumented Vertebra Tilt Angle (≥0°) Significantly Increases the Risk of Medial Shoulder and Neck Imbalance in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between a +ve postoperative Upper Instrumented Vertebra (UIV) (≥0°) tilt angle and the risk of medial shoulder/neck and lateral shoulder imbalance among Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients following Posterior Spinal Fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: Current UIV selection strategy has poor correlation with postoperative shoulder balance.