A multi-targeting bionanomatrix coating to reduce capsular contracture development on silicone implants.

Background: Capsular contracture is a critical complication of silicone implantation caused by fibrotic tissue formation from excessive foreign body responses. Various approaches have been applied, but targeting the mechanisms of capsule formation has not been completely solved. Myofibroblast differentiation through the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/p-SMADs signaling is one of the key factors for capsular contracture development.

Ultrathin Nanostructured Films of Hyaluronic Acid and Functionalized β-Cyclodextrin Polymer Suppress Bacterial Infection and Capsular Formation of Medical Silicone Implants.

A type of ultrathin films has been developed for suppressing capsule formation induced by medical silicone implants and hence reducing the inflammation response to such formation and the differentiation to myofibroblasts. The films were each fabricated from hyaluronic acid (HA) and modified β-cyclodextrin (Mod-β-CyD) polymer which was synthesized with a cyclodextrin with partially substituted quaternary amine. Ultrathin films comprising HA and Mod-β-CyD or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were fabricated by using a layer-by-layer dipping method.

Zwitterionic polydopamine coatings suppress silicone implant-induced capsule formation.

A synthetic zwitterionic dopamine derivative (ZW-DOPA) containing both catechol and amine groups was recently shown to exhibit excellent antifouling activity on marine surfaces. Here, we have extended these analyses to investigate the effects of ZW-DOPA coating on silicone implants. Successful formation of ZW-DOPA coatings on silicone implants was confirmed based on a combination of decreased static water contact angles on silicone implants, evidence of new peaks at 400.

Cyclic AMP suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression through inhibition of MAPK and GSK-3beta.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is stimulated by diverse stimuli and is likely to be regulated by many signaling pathways. cAMP is known to act as a second messenger for various extracellular stimuli and to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of cAMP on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced MMP-1 expression and the molecular events involved in the processes in human skin fibroblasts.

Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits UV-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation regulates UV-responsive genes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, UV-induced MMPs cause connective tissue damage and the skin to become wrinkled and aged. Here, we investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a dietary omega-3 fatty acid, on UV-induced MMP-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).

Region-specific alterations of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the amygdala of the aged rats.

Although many amygdalar functions are altered by aging, little is known about their mechanisms. As these functions are related with nitric oxide (NO), we examined neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the amygdala of the aged rats via immunohistochemical technique. We found that nNOS immunoreactive neurons are decreased in almost all amygdalar areas of the aged rats, while nNOS immunoreactivity of the neuropil is significantly increased in the amygdalar nuclei related with main and accessory olfactory system.

Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor in the central nervous system of SOD1(G93A) mutant transgenic mice.

In the present study, we used the SOD1(G93A) mutant transgenic mice as an in vivo model of ALS and performed immunohistochemical studies to investigate the changes of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor in the central nervous system. IGF-I receptor-immunoreactive astrocytes were detected in the spinal cord, brainstem, central gray and cerebellar nuclei of SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. In contrast to transgenic mice, no IGF-I receptor-immunoreactive astrocytes were observed in any brain region of wtSOD1 transgenic mice although a few moderately stained neurons were observed.

Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of homocysteine in the central nervous system of transgenic mice expressing a human Cu/Zn SOD mutation.

In the present study, we used the transgenic mice expressing a human Cu/Zn SOD mutation (SOD1(G93A)) as an in vivo model of ALS and performed immunohistochemical studies to investigate the changes of homocysteine in the central nervous system of symptomatic transgenic mice. In control and presymptomatic transgenic mice, homocysteine-immunoreactive astrocytes were not detected in any region. In symptomatic transgenic mice, homocysteine-immunoreactive astrocytes were distributed in the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellar nuclei of transgenic mice.

Age-related changes in CREB binding protein immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats.

Although the role of cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) binding protein (CBP) in the neuroprotective mechanisms has been the focus of many studies, very little is known about the expression or function of CBP in aged brains. We have therefore examined age-related changes in CBP expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus with an immunohistochemical technique. In the cerebral cortex, the distribution patterns were not different between adult and aged groups, but the staining intensity of CBP was significantly decreased in aged rats.

Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of nitrotyrosine and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in aged rat cerebellum.

In the present study, we examined age-related changes in 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in rat cerebellum using immunohistochemistry. No immunoreactivity for NT was found in any layers of adult cerebellar cortex. In aged cerebellar cortex, the most prominent labeling of NT was found in the Purkinje cell layers and molecular layers.

Age-related upregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor type I in rat cerebellum.

We investigated age-related changes in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor localization in the cerebellum using immunohistochemical staining. In adult rats, no immunoreactivity for IGF-I receptor was found in any layers of cerebellar cortex. In contrast, IGF-I receptor immunoreactivity was found in the cerebellar cortex of aged rats.

Region-specific alterations in insulin-like growth factor receptor type I in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of aged rats.

In the present study, we investigated age-related changes in IGF-I receptor localization in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats using immunohistochemistry. In the cerebral cortex of adult rats, weakly stained cells were seen in layers II-III and layer V/VI in several cortical regions. In aged rats, there was a significant increase in IGF-I receptor immunoreactivity in the pyramidal cells in the same cortical regions.

Enhanced expression of p53 in reactive astrocytes following transient focal ischemia.

The present study used immunohistochemistry to investigate p53 expression in rat brain following transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. In the control group, no p53-immunoreactive cells were found in any region of the central nervous system. P53 expression in reactive astrocytes was not obvious in the forebrain one day or three days following ischemic insults.

Age-related changes in the distribution of nitrotyrosine in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats.

A wealth of indirect evidence implicates oxidative damage of cellular constituents in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative diseases of later years. In the present study, we have determined age-related changes in the distribution of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats. In adult rats, no 3-NT-immunoreactive cells were found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, whereas 3-NT immunoreactivity was significantly increased in aged rats.