Risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant in dogs: a systematic review.

Identifying risk factors associated with the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in dogs is crucial to understanding their epidemiology and for developing and refining targeted control measures. However, relevant data is scattered and conflicting findings have been reported. This systematic review aimed to compile risk factors associated with the carriage of AMR- in dogs worldwide and to identify relevant knowledge gaps for directing future research.

Computer-assisted detection versus conventional colonoscopy for proximal colonic lesions: a multicenter, randomized, tandem-colonoscopy study.

Background And Aims: Computer-assisted detection (CADe) is a promising technologic advance that enhances adenoma detection during colonoscopy. However, the role of CADe in reducing missed colonic lesions is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the miss rates of proximal colonic lesions by CADe and conventional colonoscopy.

Short-Term Changes in Postoperative Cognitive Function in Children Aged 5 to 12 Years Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Cohort Study.

Due to the neurotoxicity effects of general anesthesia (GA) and sedatives found in animal studies, there is a general recommendation to avoid nonurgent surgical procedures requiring anesthesia in children younger than 3 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of anesthesia-related postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) on the first day (Day 1) and at 6 weeks after elective noncardiac surgery in school-age children.This was a prospective cohort study of 118 children undergoing GA and 126 age-matched controls of school children aged 5 to 12 years.

Functional brainstem changes in response to bladder function alteration elicited by surgical reduction in bladder capacity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Purpose: Our previous results revealed a positive correlation between bladder dysfunction and cortical arousals in children with enuresis. This finding implied an interrelationship between bladder dysfunction and brainstem dysfunction. Thus, we used an animal model to characterize brainstem functional changes in response to altered bladder function.

Bladder reduction surgery accelerates the appearance of spontaneous voiding in neonatal rats.

Purpose: Patients with nocturnal enuresis may have small functional bladder capacity or altered bladder fullness sensation. We determined whether reducing bladder volume would affect the central inhibition of voiding that is normally present between birth and 2 weeks of life in neonatal rats.

Materials And Methods: One and 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 50% bladder volume reduction by suture closure of the bladder dome.

Duodenal ulcers dominate acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in childhood: a 10-year experience from Hong Kong.

Objective: Systematic reports on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children/adolescents are scanty. The aim of this study is to analyze its presentation, pathology and outcome in Hong Kong.

Methods: A retrospective review of the hospital database for admissions up to the age of 18 years with signs of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding between 1 June 1996 and 31 May 2006.

A population-based study of Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese children resident in Hong Kong: prevalence and potential risk factors.

Background: Data of Helicobacter pylori prevalence in children and its risk factors provide clues to the health authority to estimate burden of H. pylori-associated diseases usually encountered in adulthood and facilitate healthcare planning.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Chinese children in elementary and high schools.

Laparoscopic-assisted excision of sacrococcygeal teratoma in children.

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is one of the most common tumors encountered in the neonatal period. Traditionally, a large abdominal incision is required for the combined abdominal perineal approach for the complete resection of type II-IV tumors. In this paper, we report our experience of using the combined laparoscopic perineal approach in treating these tumors.

Familial extrarenal Wilms tumor.

Background/purpose: This study aimed to illustrate the first report of extrarenal Wilms tumor occurring in a family.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case note review of 3 siblings, 2 of which presented with extrarenal Wilms tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis for WT1 gene product was performed together with molecular genetic linkage studies.

Minimally invasive approach in the management of childhood intussusception.

Background: Intussusception is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in infancy. Non-operative reduction using air enema or other hydrostatic reduction methods has been the standard treatment in most cases. However, if the non-operative method is not indicated or fails, open surgery is still necessary.

Fetoscopy under gas amniodistension: pressure-dependent influence of helium vs nitrous oxide on fetal goats.

Purpose: Recently, gas amniodistension has been advocated for fetoscopic surgery to employ ergonomics similar to laparoscopy. However, neither the optimal type of gas nor its physiological influence on the fetus have been clearly outlined yet. This study investigates the impact of helium (HE) vs nitrous oxide (N2O) on fetal goats during fetoscopy.

Atypical laparoscopic resection of a liver tumor in a 4-year-old girl.

Despite the advances in minimally invasive surgery in children, considerable concern exists about employing such techniques in oncologic cases. We report our experience with a 4-year-old girl with a symptomatic tumor in the liver. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a 3 x 4 cm lesion, confined to segments II and III.

Differences in characteristics of nocturnal enuresis between children and adolescents: a critical appraisal from a large epidemiological study.

Objective: To evaluate any differences in the characteristics of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) between younger enuretic children and adolescents.

Subjects And Methods: In all, 21 000 questionnaires designed to determine the presence or absence of bed-wetting, diurnal incontinence, frequency of wetting, systemic illness, and family history, were sent to children aged 5-19 years from 67 kindergartens, primary schools and secondary schools randomly selected by a computer from different areas in Hong Kong. In addition, questions were asked to evaluate when and how the parents became aware that bed-wetting is a significant medical problem deserving attention in children after the age of 5 years.

Ureteric jet in the anaesthetised child.

We have already suggested that there is an active bimodal sphincteric mechanism in the human vesicoureteral junction (VUJ). This mechanism is affected by immaturity, hormonal effects and surgical ablation. This study set out to investigate the effects of anaesthesia on this mechanism.

Infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly discovered infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. During the community outbreak in Hong Kong, 5 liveborn infants were born to pregnant women with SARS. A systematic search for perinatal transmission of the SARS-associated coronavirus, including serial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, viral cultures, and paired serologic titers, failed to detect the virus in any of the infants.

Computer assisted laparoscopic pneumovesical ureter reimplantation a.m. Cohen: initial experience in a pig model.

To assess the feasibility of a new variant of laparoscopic Cohen cross-trigonal ureter reimplantation in vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) using telesurgical equipment. VUR was induced in 8 female pigs by transurethral unroofing of the ureteric orifices. Three months later the reflux was verified by a cystography.

Immature ureteric jet doppler patterns and urinary tract infection and vesicoureteric reflux in children.

The Doppler waveform of the ureteric jet is the result of modification of ureteric peristalsis by an active sphincteric mechanism of the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ). The monophasic pattern is associated with immaturity. This study set out to see the correlation between this immature pattern with urinary tract infection (UTI) and vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children.

The ureteric jet doppler waveform as an indicator of vesicoureteric sphincter function in adults and children. An observational study.

The nature of the action of the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) in humans is still controversial. We were interested in the reasons why the jet consists of several peaks. We hypothesised that the modification of the jet into a variable number of peaks is the result of an active sphincter mechanism at the VUJ.

Ropivacaine undergoes slower systemic absorption from the caudal epidural space in children than bupivacaine.

Unlabelled: We compared the systemic absorption of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after caudal epidural administration in children. Twenty ASA physical status I or II children aged 1-7 yr undergoing elective hypospadias repair were randomized after the induction of general anesthesia to receive a single caudal epidural injection of 2 mg/kg of either ropivacaine 0.2% (R) or bupivacaine 0.