Phosphorylation of eIF2α suppresses the impairment of GSH/NADPH homeostasis and mitigates the activation of cell death pathways, including ferroptosis, during ER stress.

eIF2α phosphorylation helps maintain cellular homeostasis and overcome endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through transcriptional and translational reprogramming. This study aims to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of glutathione (GSH) and NADPH homeostasis through eIF2α phosphorylation and its impact on cell death during ER stress. eIF2α phosphorylation-deficient (A/A) cells exhibited decreased expression of multiple genes involved in GSH synthesis and NADPH production, leading to an exacerbated depletion of both cellular and mitochondrial GSH, as well as mitochondrial NADPH, during ER stress.

Expression of tumor endothelial marker 1 in cardiac fibroblast contributes to atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrosis is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248) is a transmembrane protein that appears in mesenchymal lineage-derived cells only during embryogenesis. Re-upregulation of TEM1 in fibroblasts plays an important role in organ fibrosis.

A call for the informatics community to define priority practice and research areas at the intersection of climate and health: report from 2023 mini-summit.

Objective: Although biomedical informatics has multiple roles to play in addressing the climate crisis, collaborative action and research agendas have yet to be developed. As a first step, AMIA's new Climate, Health, and Informatics Working Group held a mini-summit entitled Climate and health: How can informatics help? during the AMIA 2023 Fall Symposium to define an initial set of areas of interest and begin mobilizing informaticians to confront the urgent challenges of climate change.

Materials And Methods: The AMIA Climate, Health, and Informatics Working Group (at the time, an AMIA Discussion Forum), the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI), and the Regenstrief Institute hosted a mini-summit entitled Climate and health: How can informatics help? on November 11, 2023, during the AMIA 2023 Annual Symposium (New Orleans, LA, USA).

Comparison of Rifaximin Monotherapy and Rifaximin Combined with Probiotics in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies on eradication treatment have reported synergistic effects and low adverse effects when antibiotics are used in combination with probiotics; yet, such studies have not been conducted in IBS. Probiotics can enhance gut microbiota modulation, inhibition of pathogen adhesion to the gut epithelia, improvement in gut barrier function, anti-inflammatory effects, and improvement of gut immunity.

Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Larotrectinib is the first-in-class, highly selective TRK inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in various TRK fusion solid tumours. We report the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Patients with TRK fusion GI cancer from NAVIGATE (NCT02576431) were included.

Development and Application of a Cell-Based Assay for Detecting Anti-Agrin Antibodies Associated With Myasthenia Gravis.

Background And Purpose: Anti-agrin antibodies (agrin Abs) have recently been identified in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), sometimes in conjunction with antibodies (Abs) to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK), or low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4. This study aimed to develop an in-house cell-based assay (CBA) for detecting agrin Abs, and to test its application to serum samples collected from individuals diagnosed with MG.

Methods: Agrin complementary DNA as cloned into a pCMV6-AC-GFP vector, which was subsequently transfected into human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells.

Associations Between Frailty, Family Functioning, and Quality of Life in Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To examine the relationship between frailty status, family functioning, and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Background: Frailty is a rarely assessed health outcome in adolescents. Despite advances in paediatric CHD treatment, potential complications may cause frailty, affecting family dynamics and quality of life.

Effects of Soybean Extracts Prepared with Bionuruk on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Soybean isoflavone aglycones are more readily absorbed by humans than isoflavone glycosides and can inhibit adipogenesis. Various methods are used to convert isoflavone glycosides to their corresponding aglycones. However, few studies have used enzyme complexes to achieve this conversion.

Comparison of the Characteristics of Korean Older Adults Who Returned to the Emergency Department Within 30 Days Before and During COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic prompted significant alterations in emergency department accessibility owing to government-imposed health policies. These changes influenced the frequency of return emergency department visits among older adults, but empirical investigations on this topic remain scarce. This study aimed to examine trends in emergency department return visits among older adults in South Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Measuring and interpreting individual differences in fetal, infant, and toddler neurodevelopment.

As scientists interested in fetal, infant, and toddler (FIT) neurodevelopment, our research questions often focus on how individual children differ in their neurodevelopment and the predictive value of those individual differences for long-term neural and behavioral outcomes. Measuring and interpreting individual differences in neurodevelopment can present challenges: Is there a "standard" way for the human brain to develop? How do the semantic, practical, or theoretical constraints that we place on studying "development" influence how we measure and interpret individual differences? While it is important to consider these questions across the lifespan, they are particularly relevant for conducting and interpreting research on individual differences in fetal, infant, and toddler neurodevelopment due to the rapid, profound, and heterogeneous changes happening during this period, which may be predictive of long-term outcomes. This article, therefore, has three goals: 1) to provide an overview about how individual differences in neurodevelopment are studied in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2) to identify challenges and considerations when studying individual differences in neurodevelopment, and 3) to discuss potential implications and solutions moving forward.

Resummation of Threshold Double Logarithms in Hadroproduction of Heavy Quarkonium.

We resum threshold double logarithms that appear in inclusive production of heavy quarkonium. This resolves the catastrophic failure of fixed-order perturbation theory where quarkonium cross sections at large transverse momentum can turn negative due to large radiative corrections. We find that resummation is imperative for describing measured prompt production rates of J/ψ at large transverse momentum.

Epidemiology of osteoporotic ankle fractures in South Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study (2006-2022).

Purpose: Ankle fractures, ranking as one of the very common osteoporotic fractures, pose a substantial socioeconomic burden. We aimed to investigate the incidence of elderly ankle fractures, refracture risks, and mortality rates in South Korea.

Methods: Utilizing the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) registry from January 2006 to December 2022, individuals over 50 years with ankle fractures were identified.

Association of time to red blood cell transfusion on outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Red blood cell transfusion is frequently prescribed in the emergency department for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), but the association of time to transfusion with patient outcome has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed adult patient data with GIB who visited the emergency department of single university-affiliated hospital between January 2016 and April 2022. The associations of time to transfusion and patient outcomes, 30-day and in-hospital mortality, were assessed.

Reverse genetics-derived cattle H5N1 virus from Clade 2.3.4.4b shows enhanced systemic infectivity and pathogenicity than an older Clade 1 H5N1 virus in BALB/c mice.

The newly emerged avian influenza A H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.

Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Cancer Using Deep Learning of Endobronchial Ultrasound Images With Size on CT and PET-CT Findings.

Background And Objective: Echo features of lymph nodes (LNs) influence target selection during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). This study evaluates deep learning's diagnostic capabilities on EBUS images for detecting mediastinal LN metastasis in lung cancer, emphasising the added value of integrating a region of interest (ROI), LN size on CT, and PET-CT findings.

Methods: We analysed 2901 EBUS images from 2055 mediastinal LN stations in 1454 lung cancer patients.

Steerable Conditional Diffusion for Out-of-Distribution Adaptation in Medical Image Reconstruction.

Denoising diffusion models have emerged as the go-to generative framework for solving inverse problems in imaging. A critical concern regarding these models is their performance on out-of-distribution tasks, which remains an under-explored challenge. Using a diffusion model on an out-of-distribution dataset, realistic reconstructions can be generated, but with hallucinating image features that are uniquely present in the training dataset.

The impact of extended reality simulators on ophthalmic surgical training and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 17,623 eyes.

Background: Extended reality (XR) simulators, including virtual reality and augmented reality, hold significant promise for enhancing surgical training by providing trainees with a controlled practice environment. This is particularly vital in microsurgery, where the steep learning curve and the challenge of mastering surgical skills are significant. Despite notable advancements in XR technology, its role in ophthalmic surgical training remains uncertain.

Gut in Tube─Continuous Measurement of Metabolic Crosstalk between Cell Populations in Heterogeneous Samples by NMR Imaging.

In complex living systems, such as the human gut, the interplay between the multiple cell types present is governed by the exchange of small molecule metabolites. However, at present, we lack techniques capable of monitoring this crosstalk in real time and with spatial resolution. Here, we present a model of the human gut in a 5 mm NMR tube that accounts for the intraluminal, mucosal, and colonocyte spaces.

Outcomes of stretching exercises after lingual frenotomy in infants: A prospective, interventional study.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stretching exercises after frenotomy for ankyloglossia.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Single academic tertiary care hospital.

Initiation of Progressive Morphological Transition Towards an Echino-Stomato-Spherocytic Phenotype by Phosphatidylserine Externalization and Its Implication in Thrombosis.

Morphological changes in erythrocytes during disease, aging, or reactions to external agents are significant as they can influence disease progression. However, the exact mechanisms behind these temporary alterations and their potential to cause dysfunction remain unclear. Using a saponin-induced erythrocyte shape transition (EST) model, we studied the gradual shift of erythrocytes towards echino-stomato-spherocytic forms and its link to hemolysis and thrombosis.

Pharmacological Modulation of Mutant with Oncotargets Against Esophageal Cancer and Therapy Resistance.

The prevalence and deaths from esophageal cancer (EC) have recently increased. Although therapeutic strategies depend on the EC stage and recurrence, such as surgical intervention, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, chemoradiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, a more effective and novel treatment for EC is still required. This review briefly describes and summarizes some insightful oncotargets involved in the metabolic modulation of EC, including (1) cancer stem cells (CSCs) for EC progression, poor prognosis, tumor recurrence, and therapy resistance; (2) retinoic acid receptors (RARs) for esophageal carcinogenesis and regeneration; (3) phosphofructokinase (PFK) for EC-reprogrammed glycolysis; (4) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as an EC peripheral blood biomarker; and (5) hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) for the tumor microenvironment under hypoxic conditions.

Protective Effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma Extracts on Lung Injury Induced by Particulate Matter 2.5 in Mice.

This study investigated the lung-protective effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma extracts (the root of Koidz. ex Kitam), known as AJ extracts, in mitigating subacute pulmonary injuries caused by particulate matter 2.5 (PM) exposure in Balb/c mice.

Impact of Pre-Existing Disability on Long-Term Health Care Use Following Hospitalization for COVID-19: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Emerging evidence shows the lasting impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on health care use and needs. Policy-makers require data on population-level service use to understand patient needs and health system impacts following hospitalization for COVID-19.

Objective: To compare health service use within 12 months following hospitalization for COVID-19 among people with and without pre-existing disabilities, and to determine the extent to which such use is related to disability and other risk factors.

Berberine Enhances Neuroregeneration in a Rat Model of Peroneal Nerve Transection Injury: An Animal Study.

Background: Berberine has therapeutic potential in central nervous system disorders, however, few studies have investigated the effect of berberine on axonal regeneration in PNS injury models. Thus, this study aims to assess the effects of berberine on axonal regeneration in a peroneal nerve transection rat model.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group B, berberine (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection after peroneal nerve transection; and group C, normal saline injection as a control.

Peripheral neuroprotective potential and toxicological profile of fascaplysin in zebrafish models.

Fascaplysin is a bioactive compound derived from marine sponges, which have anticancer properties and potential neuroprotective effects mediated by mitigation of oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. This study investigated the concentration-dependent effects of fascaplysin in zebrafish models, focusing on embryonic survival, cardiac function, melanocyte formation, and peripheral nerve health. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to fascaplysin at concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 100 μM, and developmental parameters were assessed.