Background: RING finger protein 112 (RNF112) exerts a key role in human tumors. However, its biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been discussed. We aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of RNF112 in CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L., a traditional medicine in China and India, is used to treat diabetes mellitus. Its water extract (WEPE) has demonstrated hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats, but its mechanisms on glucose utilization and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSaffron, the dried stigma of L., is a renowned spice and medicinal herb. During its production, a significant amount of floral residues, rich in bioactive compounds, are discarded as agricultural by-products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL. (ginkgo) is a widely used medicinal plant around the world. Its leaves, which have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, are rich in various bioactive components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany attachments to a scanning electron microscope (SEM), such as energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, extend its function significantly. Typically, the application of such attachments requires that the specimen has a planar surface at a specific orientation. It is a challenge to make the plane of a microscale specimen satisfy the orientation requirement since they are visible only in an SEM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Using multiple modalities of biomarkers, several machine leaning-based approaches have been proposed to characterize patterns of structural, functional and metabolic differences discernible from multimodal neuroimaging data for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current investigations report several studies using binary classification often augmented with local feature selection methods, while fewer other studies address the challenging problem of multiclass classification.
New Method: To assess the merits of each of these research directions, this study introduces a supervised Gaussian discriminative component analysis (GDCA) algorithm, which can effectively delineate subtle changes of early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) group in relation to the cognitively normal control (CN) group.
Background: Diagnosis of early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) as a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with its delineation from the cognitively normal (CN) group remains a challenging but essential step for the planning of early treatment. Although several studies have focused on the MCI diagnosis, this study introduces the early stage of MCI to assess more thoroughly the earliest signs of disease manifestation and progression.
New Method: We used random forest feature selection model with a Gaussian-based algorithm to perform method evaluation.
Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of gastric sleeve surgery on diabetes remission in db/db mice as well as to determine the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: Thirty spontaneously obese, diabetic mice (C57BL/Ksj-db/db) were randomly divided into three groups: sleeve gastrectomy group, sham-operated group, and control db/db group. Ten db/m lean mice were used as nondiabetic littermate controls.
Background: Regional cortical thickness (rCTh) among cognitively normal (CN) adults (rCThCN) varies greatly between brain regions, as does the vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
Objective: The goal of this study was to: 1) rank order rCThCN for various brain regions, and 2) explore their vulnerability to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) within these brain regions.
Methods: The relationship between rCTh among the CN group (rCThCN) and the percent difference in CTh (% CThDiff) in each region between the CN group and AD patients was examined.
Objective: Semantic intrusion (SI) errors may highlight specific breakdowns in memory associated with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD); however, there have been no investigations to determine whether SI errors occur with greater frequency in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) confirmed as amyloid positive (Amy+) vs those who have clinical symptoms of aMCI-AD with negative amyloid scans (suspected non-AD pathology [SNAP]) or persons who are diagnosed with other brain disorders affecting cognition.
Methods: Eighty-eight participants with aMCI underwent brain amyloid PET and MRI scans and were classified as early AD (Amy+), SNAP (Amy-), or other neurological/psychiatric diagnosis (Amy-). We focused on SI on the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) targeting proactive semantic interference (PSI; old semantic learning interferes with new semantic learning), failure to recover from PSI after an additional learning trial (frPSI), and retroactive semantic interference (new semantic learning interferes with memory for old semantic learning).
Over the past few years, several approaches have been proposed to assist in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using multimodal biomarkers for this high-dimensional classification problem, the widely used algorithms include Support Vector Machines (SVM), Sparse Representation-based classification (SRC), Deep Belief Networks (DBN) and Random Forest (RF). These widely used algorithms continue to yield unsatisfactory performance for delineating the MCI participants from the cognitively normal control (CN) group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Alzheimer Res
August 2019
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that the failure to recover from the effects of proactive semantic interference [frPSI] represents an early cognitive manifestation of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. A limitation of this novel paradigm has been a singular focus on the number of targets correctly recalled, without examining co-occurring semantic intrusions [SI] that may highlight specific breakdowns in memory.
Objectives: We focused on SI and their relationship to amyloid load and regional cortical thickness among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
Background: Structural and functional brain images are essential imaging modalities for medical experts to study brain anatomy. These images are typically visually inspected by experts. To analyze images without any bias, they must be first converted to numeric values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Both amyloid (Aβ) load and APOE4 allele are associated with neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prone regions and with risk for cognitive impairment.
Objective: To evaluate the unique and independent contribution of APOE4 allele status (E4+∖E4-), Aβ status (Amy+∖Amy-), and combined APOE4 and Aβ status on regional cortical thickness (CoTh) and cognition among participants diagnosed as cognitively normal (CN, n = 251), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI, n = 207), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI, n = 196), and mild AD (n = 162) from the ADNI.
Methods: A series of two-way ANCOVAs with post-hoc Tukey HSD tests, controlling independently for Aβ and APOE4 status and age were examined.
Background: The rise in incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to efforts to advance early detection of the disease during its preclinical stages. To achieve this, the field needs to develop more sensitive cognitive tests that relate to biological markers of disease pathology. Failure to recover from proactive interference (frPSI) is one such cognitive marker that is associated with volumetric reductions in the hippocampus, precuneus, and other AD-prone regions, and to amyloid load in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClassical models of chirality are used to investigate the optical rectification effect in chiral molecular media. Calculation of the zero frequency first hyperpolarizabilities of chiral molecules with different structures is performed and applied to the derivation of a dc electric-dipole polarization. The expression of second-order nonlinear static-electric-dipole susceptibilities is obtained by theoretical derivation in the isotropic chiral thin films.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the paper, the three-coupled-oscillator model presented by us is used to study the optical rectification in isotropic chiral films. The zero frequency hyperpolarizabilities of chiral molecules with a tripod-like structure are calculated. The expressions of the static-electric polarization and the relations between the optical rectification and the microscopic parameters of chiral medium are obtained by theoretical derivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe nanometer size scale of quantum dots (QDs) along with their unique luminescent properties offers great potential as photostable, color-metrically addressable nanoparticle platforms for high-throughput detection and identification of proteins. Here we apply microcontact printing for assembling quantum dot nanoparticle arrays with retained biomolecular capture functionality onto glass surfaces. This method allows the creation of addressable QD arrays on macroscopic glass surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe perform optimization of all-optical EDFA-based Sagnac - interferometer switch through an analytical model and numerical simulations by solving nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The effects of the performance of EDFA on the bit rate and the switching power are investigated for all-optical switch based on self-phase or cross-phase modulation. The simulated results show that ultra-low switching power (<1mW) all-optical switch for 40 Gb/s data can be realized by properly selecting the length of highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber and adjusting the performance of EDFA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn optical limiter was designed and fabricated. The device consists of an organic solution sandwiched between a polymer slab and a transparent relief polymer grating with a triangular groove. At low power the device has a high transmittance because the refractive index of the solution is matched with those of the slab and the grating materials and because the grating does not diffract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano-scale thin films are of wide interest. The distribution of angles between the grain-boundary plane and the surfaces of such films can affect their mechanical behaviour. A transmission electron microscopy method is described to measure the distribution of such angles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) has brought significant progress in the study of grain-boundary segregation. Using X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) in the AEM, elemental segregation information can be related to the crystallographic character of the same boundary via conventional Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) diffraction techniques. While significant efforts have been made to improve XEDS analysis of sub-nanometer segregation layers, the methods for crystallographic characterization of grain boundaries have remained the same for several decades and labor-intensive processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor what is to our knowledge the first time, the thermal-stress formula in analytical form is derived for the core layer in an optical planar waveguide by the thin-film approximation, which is based on a closed-form solution in multilayered isotropic structures off the edges. This formula indicates that elastic, thermal, and structural parameters can affect the magnitude of the stress. Using the formula, one can remove thermal stress and hence stress-induced birefringence by proper waveguide design.
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