Hypoxia-driven M2-polarized macrophages facilitate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma via extracellular vesicles.

M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote the malignant progression of glioblastomas. However, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unclear. RT-PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the polarization status of macrophages.

Nanoradiosensitizers in glioblastoma treatment: recent advances and future perspectives.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly invasive type of brain tumor located within the central nervous system, manifests a median survival time of merely 14.6 months. Radiotherapy kills tumor cells through focused high-energy radiation and has become a crucial treatment strategy for GBM, especially in cases where surgical resection is not viable.

RGS4 inhibits glioma cells sensitivity to radiotherapy and temozolomide by regulating ferroptosis.

Background: Chemoradiotherapy is the major means in the treatment of gliomas followed surgery. Ferroptosis has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis by many studies. However, its underlying effect on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in gliomas remains unclear.

Hsa_circRNA_0084043 promoting tumorigenesis in glioma through miR-577 sponging.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of multiple human diseases, especially cancers. circRNA_0084043 is significantly involved in the progression of melanoma. However, whether circRNA_0084043 is associated with glioma remains unknown.

TCAF2 is associated with the immune microenvironment, promotes pathogenesis, and impairs prognosis in glioma.

Purpose: Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor and exhibits rapid growth and aggressiveness. TRPM8 channel-associated factor 2 (TCAF2), located in cell junctions and the plasma membrane, plays a key role in the pathogeneses of several cancers in humans. However, the role of TCAF2 in glioma has been elusive.

Biomimetic hypoxia-triggered RNAi nanomedicine for synergistically mediating chemo/radiotherapy of glioblastoma.

Although RNA interference (RNAi) therapy has emerged as a potential tool in cancer therapeutics, the application of RNAi to glioblastoma (GBM) remains a hurdle. Herein, to improve the therapeutic effect of RNAi on GBM, a cancer cell membrane (CCM)-disguised hypoxia-triggered RNAi nanomedicine was developed for short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to sensitize cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Our synthesized CCM-disguised RNAi nanomedicine showed prolonged blood circulation, high BBB transcytosis and specific accumulation in GBM sites via homotypic recognition.

The Extended Pterional Approach Allows Satisfactory Results for the Resection of Huge Medial Sphenoid Ridge Meningioma.

Objective: To investigate the surgical method and efficacy of the extended pterional approach in the resection of huge medial sphenoid ridge meningiomas (MSRMs).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 41 patients diagnosed with MSRMs (diameter ≥4.0 cm) from Nanjing Brain Hospital between January 2012 and February 2022 was conducted.

Case report: Rechallenge with EGFR-TKIs after immunotherapy in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis.

Rechallenge of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) after PD-1 blockade failure was an effective therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with resistance to EGFR-TKIs. The third-generation TKIs, like osimertinib and furmonertinib, can reach higher concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than other TKIs, and exhibit a beneficial effect in NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) harboring sensitive EGFR mutation. Here, we report that two-stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with LM harboring an EGFR L858R mutation benefit from the third-generation EGFR-TKIs rechallenge after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and anti-angiogenic agent combination therapy.

A novel intergenic region ALK fusion is targetable by alectinib in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with brain metastasis.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) rearrangement defines a unique nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) molecular subtype, of which the patients could potentially benefit from anti- ALK therapies. So far, the outcomes of the canonical echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like ( EML-ALK ) patients subjected to ALK inhibitors are well established. However, given the increasing complexity of ALK fusion partners, as detected by high-throughput sequencing, the responses of those with rare ALK fusion events remain to be explored.

A novel defined risk signature of interferon response genes predicts the prognosis and correlates with immune infiltration in glioblastoma.

Background: Interferons (IFNs) have been implemented as anti-tumor immunity agents in clinical trials of glioma, but only a subset of glioblastoma (GBM) patients profits from it. The predictive role of IFNs stimulated genes in GBM needs further exploration to investigate the clinical role of IFNs.

Methods: This study screened 526 GBM patients from three independent cohorts.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Revealed Subtype-Specific Tumor Immune Microenvironments in Human Glioblastomas.

Human glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, comprises six major subtypes of malignant cells, giving rise to both inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The interaction between different tumor subtypes and non-malignant cells to collectively shape a tumor microenvironment has not been systematically characterized. Herein, we sampled the cellular milieu of surgically resected primary tumors from 7 GBM patients using single-cell transcriptome sequencing.

The Long Non-Coding RNA HOXC-AS3 Promotes Glioma Progression by Sponging miR-216 to Regulate F11R Expression.

HOXC cluster antisense RNA 3 (HOXC-AS3) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that plays a crucial role in various tumors; nevertheless, its role in glioma and its mechanism have not been completely elucidated. In this research, we discovered that HOXC-AS3 was over-expression in glioma cells and tissues and was associated with prognosis. Next, we determined that HOXC-AS3 targeted miR-216 as a sponge and that the F11 receptor (F11R) was the target of miR-216 by online databases analysis, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assay.

CD44-Mediated Poor Prognosis in Glioma Is Associated With M2-Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Immunosuppression.

Background: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Key genes that are negatively related to prognosis may provide the therapy targets to cure glioma. To clarify the role of in glioma, we explored its function at bulk-transcriptome, spatial and single-cell transcriptome levels.

Hsa_circ_0091581 promotes glioma progression by regulating RMI1 via sponging miR-1243-5p.

Glioma is a pervasive malignancy and the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Circular RNA is an important subject of cancer research, and its role and function in glioma are poorly understood. This study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0091581 is upregulated in glioma tissues and cells.

Romo1 is involved in the immune response of glioblastoma by regulating the function of macrophages.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator 1 (Romo1) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial ROS production and redox sensing. Although the physiological functions of Romo1 have been studied for the past few years, the role of Romo1 in cancer remained unclear. In this study, we found that the high expression of Romo1 is associated with the poor prognosis of glioblastoma patients.

MicroRNA 145 enhances chemosensitivity of glioblastoma stem cells to demethoxycurcumin.

The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is thought to be a key factor responsible for development of the incurable glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GSCs are often displayed during chemotherapy resistance, except for demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a component of curcumin, which has been previously confirmed to inhibit GSCs proliferation and induce apoptosis. The objective of this study was to identify the main mechanism underlying anti-GSCs resistance by DMC.

Cofilin-1 and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 as promising indicators for glioma radiosensibility and prognosis.

Glioma is a primary malignancy in central nervous system. Radiotherapy has been used as one of the standard treatments for glioma for decades. Since radioresistance can reduce the curative efficacy of radiotherapy in glioma, investigating the cause of radioresistance and predicting the tumour radiosensibility appeared particularly important.

Clinical application of the supraorbital key-hole approach to the treatment of unilateral-dominant bilateral frontal contusions.

We compared the surgical efficacy of the supraorbital key-hole approach (SKA) to conventional unilateral frontotemporal craniotomy (UFTC) for the treatment of patients with unilateral-dominant bilateral frontal contusions (BFCs). A retrospective analysis of 62 patients with unilateral-dominant BFCs who underwent surgery at our institute between 2014 and 2017 was performed. There were 26 patients who underwent SKA (group A) and 36 who underwent UFTC (group B).

After microvascular decompression to treat trigeminal neuralgia, both immediate pain relief and recurrence rates are higher in patients with arterial compression than with venous compression.

We explored differences in postoperative pain relief achieved through decompression of the trigeminal nerve compressed by arteries and veins. Clinical characteristics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative curative effects were analyzed in 72 patients with trigeminal neuralgia who were treated by microvascular decompression. The patients were divided into arterial and venous compression groups based on intraoperative findings.

Early expression of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is associated with neurological severity immediately after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Intracranial bleeding and inflammatory reactions are common consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an iron-handling and acute phase protein, may participate in the pathogenesis of TBI. Therefore, we hypothesize that NGAL may be of high diagnostic and therapeutic relevance in the prognosis of TBI.

Inhibition of the Rac1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 signaling pathway promotes radiosensitivity via downregulation of cofilin-1 in U251 human glioma cells.

The Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein-2 (WAVE2)-actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) signaling pathway has been identified to be involved in cell migration and invasion in various types of cancer cell. Cofilin‑1 (CFL‑1), which is regulated by the Rac1‑WAVE2‑Arp2/3 signaling pathway, may promote radioresistance in glioma. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of the Rac1‑WAVE2‑Arp2/3 signaling pathway in radioresistance in U251 human glioma cells and elucidate its affect on CFL‑1 expression.

Increased risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with brain tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Currently published studies investigating the association between brain tumors and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk have yielded inconsistent findings. To provide a more precise estimate for this association, we firstly performed a meta-analysis by pooling all currently available data.

Methods: Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by use of STATA 12.

Technique of Stepwise Intracranial Decompression Combined with External Ventricular Drainage Catheters Improves the Prognosis of Acute Post-Traumatic Cerebral Hemispheric Brain Swelling Patients.

Background: Acute post-traumatic cerebral hemispheric brain swelling (ACHS) is a serious disorder that occurs after traumatic brain injury, and it often requires immediate treatment. The aim of our clinical study was to assess the effects of stepwise intracranial decompression combined with external ventricular drainage (EVD) catheters on the prognosis of ACHS patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 172 cases of severe craniocerebral trauma patients with ACHS.

Downregulation of osteopontin enhances the sensitivity of glioma U251 cells to temozolomide and cisplatin by targeting the NF-κB/Bcl‑2 pathway.

Glioma is resistant to the apoptotic effects of chemotherapy and the mechanism underlying its chemoresistance is not currently understood. In a previous study, we reported that osteopontin (OPN) was overexpressed in glioma tissues and had an important anti‑apoptotic effect. Furthermore, overexpression of OPN was observed following chemotherapy.