Advances in targeted therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension in children.

Unlabelled: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and devastating disease of the pulmonary vasculature with a high morbidity and mortality rate in infants and children. Currently, treatment approaches are mostly based on adult guidelines and pediatrician clinical experience, focusing on specific pulmonary antihypertensive therapy and conventional supportive care. The advent of targeted drugs has led to significant advances in the treatment of PAH in children, including endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and prostacyclins, which have been studied and proven to improve hemodynamics and functional class in children PAH.

The Mechanism of the Photostability Enhancement of Thin-Film Transistors Based on Solution-Processed Oxide Semiconductors Doped with Tetravalent Lanthanides.

The applications of thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on oxide semiconductors are limited due to instability under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS). Here, we report TFTs based on solution-processed InO semiconductors doped with Pr or Tb, which can effectively improve the NBIS stability. The differences between the Pr-doped InO (Pr:InO) and Tb-doped InO (Tb:InO) are investigated in detail.

An update on the economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China.

Objectives: This study aims to update the statistics on the economic burden of T2DM and to identify the factors affecting the economic costs of T2DM in China.

Methods: This study conducts a systematic review of the existing literature that has reported on the direct economic costs (mainly the direct medical resource consumption) and indirect economic costs (mainly non-medical costs and intangible costs) of T2DM as of 31 May 2019.

Results: The total expenditure on diabetes in China's western region is still relatively low.

Impact on decision making framework for medicine purchasing in Chinese public hospital decision-making: determining the value of five dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

Background: Medicine purchasing in Chinese public hospitals is decided by the hospital Pharmacy Management Committee (PMC), that is complex, subjective and requires efficient approaches to ensure transparency and consistency for the factors being considered. This study aimed to use the Evidence and Value: Impact on Decision Making (EVIDEM) framework to assess medicine in these hospitals. In this study anti-diabetic drugs DPP-4 inhibitors, which work by inhibiting the activation of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, were appraised.

Salvianolic acid A alleviates chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via promotion of β-catenin nuclear accumulation by restoring SIRT1 in rats.

In recent years, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has emerged as a growing public health problem worldwide. β-catenin plays an important role in the growth, development, regeneration and metabolic activity of the liver. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is a water-soluble component from the root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and its effect on ALD has not yet been investigated.

Carnosic acid prevents COL1A2 transcription through the reduction of Smad3 acetylation via the AMPKα1/SIRT1 pathway.

Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component in rosemary extract, has many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Smad3 acetylation can regulate the transcription of type I α2 collagen (COL1A2), which is the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether CA inhibits COL1A2 transcription via the reduction of Smad3 acetylation against liver fibrosis.

Salvianolic acid B protects against chronic alcoholic liver injury via SIRT1-mediated inhibition of CRP and ChREBP in rats.

Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a water-soluble polyphenol extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SalB in chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and explored the related signaling mechanisms. In vivo, SalB treatment significantly attenuated ethanol-induced liver injury by blocking the elevation of serum aminotransferase activities and markedly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by reducing serum and liver triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels.

Carnosic acid protects non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced dopaminergic neuron injury in rats.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported to induce cognitive impairments of hippocampus and may influence central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated whether carnosic acid (CA) ameliorates dopaminergic neuron injury in a rat model of NAFLD. In order to induce NAFLD, rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks.

New insights into salvianolic acid A action: Regulation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 and TXNIP/ChREBP pathways ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD in rats.

Salvianolic acid A (SalA), one of the most efficacious polyphenol compounds extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), has been shown to possess many potential pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate whether SalA has hepatoprotective effects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to further explore the mechanism underlying this process. SalA treatment significantly attenuated HFD-induced obesity and liver injury, and markedly decreased lipid accumulation in HFD-fed rat livers.

Carnosic acid alleviates chronic alcoholic liver injury by regulating the SIRT1/ChREBP and SIRT1/p66shc pathways in rats.

Scope: Carnosic acid (CA), which is extracted from rosemary, displays multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CA on chronic alcoholic liver injury and to elucidate the related mechanisms.

Methods And Results: An in vivo rat model was established by feeding rats a liquid diet containing ethanol, and an in vitro model was created by treating HepG2 cells with 100 mM ethanol for 48 h.