EGFL6 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth and mobility and the anti-cancer property of anti-EGFL6 antibody.

Background: The availability of a reliable tumor target for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) therapeutic approaches is critical since current treatments are limited. Epidermal growth factor-like domain 6 (EGFL6) has been reported to be associated with cancer development. Here, we focused on the role of EGFL6 in CRC progression and its clinical relevance.

Transcriptome Analysis of Dnmt3l Knock-Out Mice Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells During Osteogenic Differentiation.

Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit great potential for cell-based therapy. Proper epigenomic signatures in MSCs are important for the maintenance and the subsequent differentiation potential. The DNA methyltransferase 3-like (DNMT3L) that was mainly expressed in the embryonic stem (ES) cells and the developing germ cells plays an important role in shaping the epigenetic landscape.

Sperm-specific COX6B2 enhances oxidative phosphorylation, proliferation, and survival in human lung adenocarcinoma.

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are proteins whose expression is normally restricted to the testis but anomalously activated in human cancer. In sperm, a number of CTAs support energy generation, however, whether they contribute to tumor metabolism is not understood. We describe human COX6B2, a component of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV).

Anti-leukemia effects of the novel synthetic 1-benzylindole derivative 21-900 in vitro and in vivo.

Cancers are the major cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs and targeted therapy is required when surgery is difficult, ineffective, or impossible. We previously synthesized the novel synthetic 1-benzylindole derivative 21-900 and found that it inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities and tubulin assembly.

3-Aroylindoles display antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo: Effects of N1-substituents on biological activity.

A series of 3-aroylindole hydroxamic acids (10-17) were developed based on the concept of a structural combination of tubulin and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. This was accomplished by introducing hydroxamic acid-containing moieties at the N1 position of the tubulin assembly inhibitor, compound 9 (SCB01A, BPR0L075, phase II trial). Most of synthetic compounds produced in this way displayed comparable HDAC inhibitory activity, and four (10, 12-14) of them also inhibit tubulin assembly.

Glucocorticoids may compromise the effect of gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown remarkable benefits in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with drug-sensitive mutations in the EGFR gene. Responsive patients are usually continuously prescribed with TKIs until disease progression. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent homeostasis maintaining drugs and are frequently used in cancer patients to alleviate discomforts caused by anti-cancer therapies.

MPT0G066, a novel anti-mitotic drug, induces JNK-independent mitotic arrest, JNK-mediated apoptosis, and potentiates antineoplastic effect of cisplatin in ovarian cancer.

Developing new anticancer agents against ovarian cancer is an urgent medical need. MPT0G066, a novel synthetic arylsulfonamide compound, was shown to inhibit cell growth and decrease viability in human ovarian cancer cells. MPT0G066 induced arrest of the cell cycle at the multipolyploidy (MP) phase in SKOV3 and at the G2/M phase in A2780 cells, while increasing the proportion of cells in the subG1.

LTP-1, a novel antimitotic agent and Stat3 inhibitor, inhibits human pancreatic carcinomas in vitro and in vivo.

Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide with a poor survival rate. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of a novel antimitotic and Stat3 inhibitor, LTP-1, on human pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that LTP-1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth and viability with significant G2/M arrest and disruption of microtubule dynamics.

Exosomal miR-10a derived from amniotic fluid stem cells preserves ovarian follicles after chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy (CTx)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in woman remains clinically irreversible. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) have shown the potential to treat CTx-induced POF; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we demonstrate that AFSC-derived exosomes recapitulate the anti-apoptotic effect of AFSCs on CTx-damaged granulosa cells (GCs), which are vital for the growth of ovarian follicles.

A genetic analysis of taoyuan pig and its phylogenetic relationship to eurasian pig breeds.

Taoyuan pig is a native Taiwan breed. According to the historical record, the breed was first introduced to Taiwan from Guangdong province, Southern China, around 1877. The breed played an important role in Taiwan's early swine industry.

Amniotic fluid stem cells prevent follicle atresia and rescue fertility of mice with premature ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy used to treat cancer may cause irreversible premature ovarian failure (POF). Of late, amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) provide a novel source for regenerative medicine because of their primitive stage, low immunogenicity, and easy accessibility. In this study, we isolated AFSCs from transgenic mice that ubiquitously express enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP).

Cell-autonomous heparanase modulates self-renewal and migration in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Stem cell-fate is highly regulated by stem cell niche, which is composed of a distinct microenvironment, including neighboring cells, signals and extracellular matrix. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells and are potentially applicable in wide variety of pathological conditions. However, the niche microenvironment for BM-MSCs maintenance has not been clearly characterized.

catena-Poly[[tetra-μ-formato-κ(8) O:O'-dicopper(II)]-μ-hexa-methyl-ene-tetra-mine-κ(2) N (1):N (5)].

In the title polymeric compound, [Cu2(HCO2)4(C6H12N4)] n , the Cu(II) atom is five-coordinated in a square-pyramidal geometry that is defined by four O atoms from four formate ligands and one N atom from a hexa-methyl-ene-tetra-mine ligand. The two Cu(II) atoms are separated by 2.6850 (7) Å, and together with the four formate ligands they form a paddle-wheel unit.

Isolation and characterization of novel murine epiphysis derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: While bone marrow (BM) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), previous studies have shown that MSCs derived from mouse BM (BMMSCs) were difficult to manipulate as compared to MSCs derived from other species. The objective of this study was to find an alternative murine MSCs source that could provide sufficient MSCs.

Methodology/principal Findings: In this study, we described a novel type of MSCs that migrates directly from the mouse epiphysis in culture.

In vivo therapy of myocardial infarction with mesenchymal stem cells modified with prostaglandin I synthase gene improves cardiac performance in mice.

Aim: Intra-myocardial injection of adult bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSC) has recently been proposed as a therapy to repair damaged cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). PGI(2) has vasodilatation effects; however, the effects of combining both MSC and PGI(2) therapy on AMI have never been evaluated.

Main Methods: We genetically enhanced prostaglandin I synthase (PGIS) gene expression in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using lentiviral vector transduction (MSC(PGIS)).

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C1-induced pyrogenic cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated by NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor-kappa B.

The staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are associated with pyrogenic response in humans and primates. This study investigates the role of NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) on enterotoxin staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1)-induced pyrogenic cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The results indicate that the febrile response to the supernatant fluids of SEC1-stimulated PBMC in rabbits was in parallel with the levels of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the supernatants.