Structurally diverse chromane meroterpenoids from Rhododendron capitatum with multifunctional neuroprotective effects.

Eleven new chromane meroterpenoids (1-11), along with 24 known ones (12-35) were isolated from Rhododendron capitatum, a Tibetan medicine. Their structures were determined via extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparison of the experimental and theoretically calculated ECD data.

Contrasting Patterns of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Inhabiting Temperate Tree Leaves in Response to Thinning.

The phyllosphere is an important but underestimated habitat for a variety of microorganisms, with limited knowledge about leaf endophytes as a crucial component of the phyllosphere microbiome. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of communities and co-occurrence networks of leaf endophytes in response to forest thinning in a temperate forest. As we expected, contrasting responses of fungal and bacterial endophytes were observed.

Three New Ionone Glycosides from Maxim.

Six ionone glycosides (- and -), including three new ones, named capitsesqsides A-C (-), together with an eudesmane sesquiterpenoid glycoside () and three known triterpenoid saponins (-) were isolated from . The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic techniques (MS, UV, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR) and comparison with data reported in the literature. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and theoretically calculated ECD curves and LC-MS analyses after acid hydrolysis and derivatization.

Discovery of Unusual Sesterterpenoids from var. and Their Metabolic Implications.

Three unusual sesterterpenoids featuring unprecedented rearranged colquhounane (C) and tetranorcolquhounane (C) frameworks, colquhounoids E () and F () and norcolquhounoid F (), were isolated from a Lamiaceae medicinal plant var. . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations.

A new anti-neuroinflammation labdane diterpenoid from .

One new labdane diterpenoid, tricuspion A (), as well as five known triterpenoids () were isolated from Franch (family Labiatae). The structure of tricuspion A was identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with previously reported data. Compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the NO production in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells, and exhibited potent inhibitory activity with IC value of 14.

Diversified cassane family diterpenoids from the leaves of Caesalpinia minax exerting anti-neuroinflammatory activity through suppressing MAPK and NF-κB pathways in BV-2 microglia.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Caesalpinia minax Hance, whose seeds are known as "Ku-shi-lian" in China, have been used in Chinese folk medicine for treatment of rheumatism, dysentery, and skin itching. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory constituents of its leaves and their mechanism are rarely reported.

Aim Of The Study: To search for new anti-neuro-inflammatory compounds from the leaves of C.

Phytoecdysteroids from Dianthus superbus L.: Structures and anti-neuroinflammatory evaluation.

Six undescribed C-phytoecdysteroid derivatives, named superecdysones A-F, and ten known analogs were extracted from the whole plant of Dianthus superbus L. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopy, mass spectrometric methods, chemical transformations, chiral HPLC analysis, and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Superecdysones A and B possess a tetrahydrofuran ring in the side chain and superecdysones C-E are rare phytoecdysones containing a (R)-lactic acid moiety, whereas superecdysone F is an uncommon B-ring-modified ecdysone.

Long-term phosphorus addition alters plant community composition but not ecosystem stability of a nitrogen-enriched desert steppe.

Under ongoing global change, whether grassland ecosystems can maintain their functions and services depends largely on their stability. However, how ecosystem stability responds to increasing phosphorus (P) inputs under nitrogen (N) loading remains unclear. We conducted a 7-year field experiment to examine the influence of elevated P inputs (ranging from 0 to 16 g P m yr) on the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) under N addition of 5 g N·m·yr in a desert steppe.

Antibacterial Activity of Two New Cassane Diterpenoids from against by Damage to Cell Membrane.

, a Gram-positive bacterium, is a food contaminant that threatens the health of thousands of people around the world. Because of the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains, the development of new classes of bactericides from natural products is of high priority. In this study, two novel cassane diterpenoids (pulchins A and B) and three known ones (-) were elucidated from the medicinal plant (L.

Discovery of diversified cassane diterpenoids as potent antibacterial agents from Caesaplinia pulcherrima and their mechanisms.

Background: Natural products play a significant role in the development of novel bactericide candidates. Caesalpinia pulcherrima, a traditional medicine, had anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifeedant activities, therefore the previous bioassay results of C. pulcherrima implied that its main active ingredients may have potential to be used as botanical bactericides.

Labdane diterpenoids from the heartwood of Leucosceptrum canum that impact on root growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Eleven undescribed diterpenoids possessing labdane, 3,18-cyclo-labdane, 19 (4 → 3)-labdane and 12-nor-labdane skeletons, named leucolactones A-K, were isolated from the heartwood of a large woody Lamiaceae plant, Leucosceptrum canum. Their structures were determined by NMR, MS, and in the case of leucolactones A by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Plausible biosynthetic pathway of leucolactones were proposed.

Cassane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and their antibacterial and anti-glioblastoma activity.

Sixteen cassane diterpenoids (CAs), including four undescribed lactam-type, four unreported lactone-type, along with eight known ones, were isolated from the aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Their structures were characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (including NMR and HRESIMS).

Cassane diterpenoids from and their anti-inflammatory and -glycosidase inhibitory activities.

Three undescribed cassane-type diterpenoids (CAs), caesalpulcherrins K-M (-), together with three known ones (-) were isolated from the aerial parts of (L.) Sw (Fabaceae). Their structures were elucidated via analysis of NMR (1 D and 2 D) and HRESIMS data.

Immunosuppresive Sesterterpenoids and Norsesterterpenoids from var. .

A pair of new C-14 epimeric sesterterpenoids, colquhounoid D () and 14--colquhounoid D (), and five degradation products featuring new C and C frameworks, norcolquhounoids A-E (-), were isolated from var. . Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Integrated Profiling of Fatty Acids, Sterols and Phenolic Compounds in Tree and Herbaceous Peony Seed Oils: Marker Screening for New Resources of Vegetable Oil.

Tree peonies ( and ) are popular ornamental plants. Moreover, these plants have become oil crops in recent years. However, there are limited compositional studies focused on fatty acids.

Cassane Diterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of and Their Antifeedant and Insecticidal Activities against and .

Ten new cassane diterpenoids, caesalpulcherrins A-J (-), together with 11 known analogues (-) were isolated from the aerial parts of . Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds - represent the first examples of 2,5-dimethoxyfuranocassane diterpenoids.

Peltate glandular trichomes of Colquhounia vestita harbor diterpenoid acids that contribute to plant adaptation to UV radiation and cold stresses.

Plant glandular trichomes (GTs) are adaptive epidermal structures that synthesize and accumulate diverse specialized metabolites well-known as defense chemicals against biotic attacks, but their roles against abiotic challenges including UV radiation and cold climates remain largely unexplored. Colquhounia vestita Wall is a Chinese-Himalayan Lamiaceae plant with dense peltate and capitate GTs on its leaf and stem surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. Three diterpenoid acids, including a clerodane 5-epi-hardwickiic acid and two labdanes polyalthic acid and E-communic acid, were identified from the peltate GTs of C.

Two novel alkaloids from Corydalis curviflora Maxim. and their insecticidal activity.

Background: Botanical pesticide plays an essential role in the control of agricultural pests. Corydalis curviflora Maxim. is used as a cholagogue and larvicide in the rural areas of Northwest China.

An overview of grayanane diterpenoids and their biological activities from the Ericaceae family in the last seven years.

Grayanane diterpenoids, possessing a unique 5/7/6/5 tetracyclic system, exist exclusively in plants of the Ericaceae family. Owing to their various skeletons, complex structures, and diverse bioactivities, grayanoids have been the topic of research in many phytochemical and pharmacological laboratories, offering opportunities for the development of new drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) properties. Recently, a number of new grayanane diterpenoids with unprecedented carbon skeletons have been obtained from plants of the Ericaceae family, and they exhibit diverse biological properties, such as agalgesic, antinociceptive, anticancer, antiviral, antifeedant, insecticidal, toxicity, and PTP1B.

Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol and phenolic metabolites from the aerial parts of Hypericum elatoides and their neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities.

A phytochemical study on the aerial parts of Hypericum elatoides led to the isolation of a previously undescribed polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative, hyperelatone A, seven previously undescribed phenolic metabolites, hyperelatones B-H, along with ten known analogues. The structures of hyperelatones A-H were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS experiment, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra, as well as chemical derivatization. All compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced cell injury in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglial cells.

Hyperelatosides A-E, biphenyl ether glycosides from , with neurotrophic activity.

Five new biphenyl ether glycosides, hyperelatosides A-E (1-5), one new benzoate glycoside, hyperelatoside F (6), along with nine known phenolic compounds (7-15), were isolated from the aerial parts of . Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS, as well as chemical derivatization. This is the first report of the identification of biphenyl ether glycosides as plant metabolites and their possible biosynthetic pathway is proposed.

Structural Diversity and Biological Activity of the Genus Pieris Terpenoids.

Secondary metabolites, particularly the grayanane diterpenoids produced by the members of genus Pieris, have been investigated in past decades for their remarkable antifeedant and insecticidal activities and toxicity. Grayanoids exhibit diverse biological properties such as antifeedant, insecticidal, cAMP regulatory, and sodium-channel-modulating activities. Structural complexity and diverse bioactivity of grayanoids have made them attractive targets for chemical, biological, and synthetic purposes.

New Antifeedant Grayanane Diterpenoids from the Flowers of Pieris formosa.

Three new grayanane diterpenoids, pierisoids C‒E (-), as well as 10 known ones (-), were evaluated from the flowers of , which is used as an insecticide in rural areas of China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analyses. Significant antifeedant activity of , and against the beet armyworm () was found, indicating that these diterpenoids might also be involved in the plant defense against insect herbivores.

Isobutylhydroxyamides from Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Their Suppression of NO Production.

Four new unsaturated aliphatic acid amides, named zanthoamides A-D (-), and eight known ones-tetrahydrobungeanool (), ZP-amide A (), ZP-amide B (), ZP-amide C (), ZP-amide D (), ZP-amide E (), bugeanumamide A (), and (2,7,9)--(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-6,11-dioxo-2,7,9-dodecatrienamide ()-were isolated from the pericarps of . The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive use of spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses and comparison with previously reported data. Compound contained a rare C₆ fatty acid unit with an acetal group.

A Geranylfarnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Provides the Precursor for Sesterterpenoid (C25) Formation in the Glandular Trichomes of the Mint Species Leucosceptrum canum.

Plant sesterterpenoids, an important class of terpenoids, are widely distributed in various plants, including food crops. However, little is known about their biosynthesis. Here, we cloned and functionally characterized a plant geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase (Lc-GFDPS), the enzyme producing the C25 prenyl diphosphate precursor to all sesterterpenoids, from the glandular trichomes of the woody plant Leucosceptrum canum.