Microbiota dynamics and source tracing during the growing, aging, and decomposing processes of leaves.

, an important tree, faces serious threat to its growth from environmental stress, particularly climate change. Using plant microbes to enhance host adaptation to respond climate change challenges has been recognized as a viable and sustainable strategy. However, it is still unclear how the perennial tree microbiota varies across phenological stages and the links between respective changes in aboveground and belowground niches.

Analysis of Straw Degradation and Whole Genome of Acrophialophora multiforma.

Lignin is one of the main components in plants, which can transform value-added bioenergy and chemicals. At the same time, due to the close combination of lignin and hemicellulose in the structure, it becomes a barrier for cellulose utilization. Therefore, the effective degradation of lignin is of great significance for the utilization of these resources.

Developing an enhanced chimeric permuted intron-exon system for circular RNA therapeutics.

: Circular RNA (circRNA) therapeutics hold great promise as an iteration strategy in messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics due to their inherent stability and durable protein translation capability. Nevertheless, the efficiency of RNA circularization remains a significant constraint, particularly in establishing large-scale manufacturing processes for producing highly purified circRNAs. Hence, it is imperative to develop a universal and more efficient RNA circularization system when considering synthetic circRNAs as therapeutic agents with prospective clinical applications.

Construction of artificial microbial consortia for efficient degradation of chicken feathers and optimization of degradation conditions.

Microbes within a consortium exhibit a synergistic interaction, enhancing their collective capacity to perform functions more effectively than a single species, especially in the degradation of keratin-rich substrates. To achieve a more stable and efficient breakdown of chicken feathers, a comprehensive screening of over 9,000 microbial strains was undertaken. This meticulous selection process identified strains with the capability to degrade keratin effectively.

A systematic discussion and comparison of the construction methods of synthetic microbial community.

Synthetic microbial community has widely concerned in the fields of agriculture, food and environment over the past few years. However, there is little consensus on the method to synthetic microbial community from construction to functional verification. Here, we review the concept, characteristics, history and applications of synthetic microbial community, summarizing several methods for synthetic microbial community construction, such as isolation culture, core microbiome mining, automated design, and gene editing.

Nutritional improvement status of primary and secondary school students in the pilot nutrition improvement areas of Hainan, China from 2014 to 2021.

Objective: By meticulously tracking the evolving growth, development, and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Qiongzhong County from 2014 to 2021 post-implementation of the "Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students"(NIPRCES, This project provides a supplementary food allowance of at least ￥4 per person per day for primary and secondary school students. The project area undergoes annual routine monitoring.), this study aims to offer a scientific basis for enhancing and promoting the project.

Two new species of Sordariomycetes (Chaetomiaceae and Nectriaceae) from China.

Rich and diverse fungal species occur in different habitats on the earth. Many new taxa are being reported and described in increasing numbers with the advent of molecular phylogenetics. However, there are still a number of unknown fungi that have not yet been discovered and described.

Poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate): Overcoming the "Polyethylene Glycol Dilemma" for Cancer Immunotherapy and mRNA Vaccination.

Polyethylene glycol conjugation (PEGylation) is the most successful strategy to promote the stability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of therapeutics; however, anti-PEG antibodies induced by repeated treatments raise serious concerns about the future of PEGylated therapeutics. In order to solve the "PEG dilemma", polymers with excellent water solubility and biocompatibility are urgently desired to attenuate the generation of anti-PEG antibodies. Here, poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (PEEP) with excellent degradability and stealth effects is used as an alternative to PEG to overcome the "PEG dilemma".

The Analysis of Microbial Community Characteristics Revealed that the Pathogens of Leaf Spot of Originated from the Phyllosphere.

Members of the plant mycobiota are all associated to varying degrees with the development of plant diseases. Although many reports on the plant mycobiota are well documented, the relationships between mycobiota of and plant diseases are poorly understood. Mutual interactions and extent of the roles of microbial communities associated with and the source of pathogens are still unclear, and more research is needed on the health benefits of this ecologically important population.

The performance of plasma phosphorylated tau231 in detecting Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau231 (P-tau231) is associated with neuropathological outcomes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The invasive access of cerebrospinal fluid has greatly stimulated interest in the identification of blood-based P-tau231, and the recent advent of single-molecule array assay for the quantification of plasma P-tau231 may provide a turning point to evaluate the usefulness of P-tau231 as an AD-related biomarker. Yet, in the plasma P-tau231 literature, findings with regard to its diagnostic utility have been inconsistent, and thus, we aimed to statistically investigate the potential of plasma P-tau231 in the context of AD via meta-analysis.

The potential of the gut microbiome for identifying Alzheimer's disease diagnostic biomarkers and future therapies.

Being isolated from the peripheral system by the blood-brain barrier, the brain has long been considered a completely impervious tissue. However, recent findings show that the gut microbiome (GM) influences gastrointestinal and brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite several hypotheses, such as neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress, being proposed to explain the origin and progression of AD, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.

Microbiota-gut-brain axis and related therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease: prospects for multitherapy and inflammation control.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly and causes neurodegeneration, leading to memory loss, behavioral disorder, and psychiatric impairment. One potential mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of AD may be the imbalance in gut microbiota, local and systemic inflammation, and dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Most of the AD drugs approved for clinical use today are symptomatic treatments that do not improve AD pathologic changes.

Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas as the Mystery of Rapidly Progressive Dementia with Bilateral Thalamic Lesions.

Dementia is a gradual and irreversible loss of higher mental function, particularly memory. Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are one of the rare causes of a rapid decline in cognitive function, which can be curable. DAVFs are pathological shunts between the dural artery and the dural venous sinus, dural vein, or cortical vein.

A Review of Application of Aβ42/40 Ratio in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Alzheimer's Disease.

The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-Alzheimer's disease (non-AD) has drastically increased over recent decades. The amyloid cascade hypothesis attributes a vital role to amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of AD. As the main pathological hallmark of AD, amyloid plaques consist of merely the 42 and 40 amino acid variants of Aβ (Aβ42 and Aβ40).

Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia by a novel mutation of the CSF1R gene.

Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene. As of 2022, more than 100 different CSF1R mutations were reported in patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. In this case report, we describe ALSP in a previously healthy 46-year-old woman who presented with memory impairment, poor interpersonal behavior, and decreased verbal fluency.

Assembly, Core Microbiota, and Function of the Rhizosphere Soil and Bark Microbiota in .

Medicinal plants are inhabited by diverse microbes in every compartment, and which play an essential role in host growth and development, nutrient absorption, synthesis of secondary metabolites, and resistance to biological and abiotic stress. However, the ecological processes that manage microbiota assembly and the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of the core microbiota of remain poorly explored. Here, we systematically evaluated the effects of genotypes, compartment niches, and environmental conditions (climate, soil nutrition, and secondary metabolites) on the assembly of rhizosphere soil and bark associated bacterial communities.

AXL targeting restores PD-1 blockade sensitivity of mutant NSCLC through expansion of TCF1 CD8 T cells.

Mutations in in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are associated with poor patient responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and introduction of a () mutation into murine lung adenocarcinomas driven by mutant and loss () resulted in an ICB refractory syngeneic tumor. Mechanistically this occurred because mutant NSCLCs lacked TCF1-expressing CD8 T cells, a phenotype recapitulated in human mutant NSCLCs. Systemic inhibition of Axl results in increased type I interferon secretion from dendritic cells that expanded tumor-associated TCF1PD-1CD8 T cells, restoring therapeutic response to PD-1 ICB in tumors.