Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea solid culture mycelium by-products on growth performance and immune response in weaning black piglets.

This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium by-product (ACBP) on growth performance and immune response in weaning piglets. Total available content and antioxidant capacity of ACBP were determined. Ninety-six black pigs were randomly distributed to 24 pens.

A reference-grade genome of the xerophyte Ammopiptanthus mongolicus sheds light on its evolution history in legumes and drought-tolerance mechanisms.

Plants that grow in extreme environments represent unique sources of stress-resistance genes and mechanisms. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Leguminosae) is a xerophytic evergreen broadleaf shrub native to semi-arid and desert regions; however, its drought-tolerance mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report the assembly of a reference-grade genome for A.

Therapeutic effect of mitochondrial transplantation on burn injury.

As mitochondrial damage or dysfunction is commonly observed following burn injuries, we investigated whether mitochondrial transplantation (MT) can result in therapeutic benefits in the treatment of burns. Human immortalized epidermal cells (HaCaT) and Kunming mice were used to establish a heat-injured cell model and a deep partial-thickness skin burn animal model, respectively. The cell model was established by exposing HaCaT cells to 45 or 50 °C for 10 min, after which cell proliferation was assayed using fluorescent double-staining and colony formation assays, cell migration was assessed using colloidal gold migration and scratch assays, and cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.

Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis cotyledons via transcription factors BZR1 and BES1.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytohormones that regulate stomatal development. In this study, we report that BR represses stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cotyledons via transcription factors BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and bri1-EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), which directly target MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 9 (MKK9) and FAMA, 2 important genes for stomatal development. BZR1/BES1 bind MKK9 and FAMA promoters in vitro and in vivo, and mutation of the BZR1/BES1 binding motif in MKK9/FAMA promoters abolishes their transcription regulation by BZR1/BES1 in plants.

CUL4B increases platinum-based drug resistance in colorectal cancer through EMT: A study in its mechanism.

Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs play a very important role in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, but the drug resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs is an important topic that puzzles us. If we can find mechanisms of resistance, it will be revolutionary for us. We analysed the differential genes, core genes and their enrichment pathways in platinum-resistant and non-resistant patients through a public database.

Structural integrity is essential for the protective effect of mitochondrial transplantation against UV-induced cell death.

Mitochondrial transplantation (MT) is a new technology developed in recent years, which injects healthy mitochondria directly into damaged tissues or blood vessels to play a therapeutic role. This technology has been studied in many animal models of various diseases including myocardial ischemia, cerebral stroke, liver and lung injury, and even has been successfully used in the treatment of childhood heart disease. MT can quickly improve tissue function within a few minutes after injection.

[Generation mechanism and control methods of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in poultry waste: A review].

As antibiotics and heavy metals are often mixed in animal feed, their excretion through animal feces would cause bacteria to produce antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal resistance genes. The pollution of antibiotics resistance gene and heavy metal resistance gene has become a major threat to human health and ecological environment. From the perspective of bacterial evolution, we proposed the importance of bacterial long-term evolution experiments about antibiotics and heavy metals.

Xanthohumol Induces ROS through NADPH Oxidase, Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are either toxic in excess or essential for redox signalling at the physiological level, which is closely related to the site of generation. Xanthohumol (XN) is an important natural product of hops ( L.) and was reported to induce ROS in mitochondria.

Ailanthus Altissima-derived Ailanthone enhances Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inducing the Repression of Base Excision Repair by Downregulating p23 Expression.

Chemotherapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of GC, but currently available chemotherapeutic drugs are not ideal. The application of medicinal plants is an important direction for new drug discovery. Through drug screening of GC organoids, we determined that ailanthone has an anticancer effect on GC cells and .

METTL16 promotes cell proliferation by up-regulating cyclin D1 expression in gastric cancer.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a well-known modification of RNA. However, as a key m6A methyltransferase, METTL16 has not been thoroughly studied in gastric cancer (GC). Here, the biological role of METTL16 in GC and its underlying mechanism was studied.

How to teach genetic drift.

Genetic drift is one of the four important factors affecting population genetic balance. Because its form of action is not as apparent as mutation, selection, and migration, which are intuitive and easy to understand, there are potential difficulties in understanding and mastering genetic drift. A particularly prominent problem is that the current introduction of genetic drift contents in textbooks is systematically insufficient.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Improves Spinal Cord Function After Injury in Rats by Activating Autophagy.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a global medical problem. The smallest membrane-bound nanovesicles, known as exosomes, have a role in complex intercellular communication systems and can be used directly as therapeutic agents by acting as important paracrine factors. Nevertheless, the use of exosomes derived from BMSCs (BMSC-Exos) to treat SCI has been less, and the specific mechanism has not yet been reported.

[How to deduce the seven basic class asci of ordered tetrads in Neurospora].

Genetic analysis is an important part of undergraduate genetics teaching and tetrad analysis is unique and integral for genetic analysis of fungi. The ordered tetrad in Neurospora is an important material for genetic analysis, which can not only be used to study recombination between genes and centromeres, but also between genes themselves, as well as study the fine cross patterns between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. However, in textbooks and related professional journals, there is a lack of specific introduction to the induction methods of the seven basic class asci used in two genes analysis.

An acute lytic cell death induced by xanthohumol obstructed ROS detecting in HL-60 cells.

Serum is an important component in cell culture medium. It also possesses potent antioxidant properties. Therefore, the conventional protocols for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured cells with fluorescent probes include washing and suspending cells with serum-free buffers, such as PBS.

Palladium Nanoparticles/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets-Carbon Nanotubes as a Catalytic Amplification Platform for the Selective Determination of 17α-ethinylestradiol in Feedstuffs.

A new kind of nanocomposite, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has been synthesized via solid grinding, and followed by thermal polymerization process of melamine and CNTs. Pd nanoparticles were loaded on the as-prepared nanocomposite by the self-assembly method. The Pd/g-CN-CNTs nanocomposite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and compared with other detection methods of EE2, such as HPLC, this detection platform does not need the samples for further purification processing.

Simultaneous Quantification of Three Curcuminoids and Three Volatile Components of Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was investigated for the simultaneous quantification of two chemical types of bioactive compounds in the rhizome of Linn. (turmeric), including three curcuminoids: Curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin; and three volatile components: -turmerone, -turmerone, and -turmerone. In the present study, the sample extraction system was optimized by a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) process for further HPLC analysis.

The surgery and repeat aspiration outcomes of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance category in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology.

Background/objective: The atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category is one of six diagnostic categories of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). In this study, we report the diagnostic distribution of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and analyze the outcome of AUS/FLUS cases.

Methods: A total of 29,937 thyroid FNA results, reported between April 2012 and December 2016, were retrieved from the database of a medical center.

Corrigendum: Furanodiene Induces Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Resistant MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via NF-κB-Independent Mechanism.

[This corrects the article on p. 648 in vol. 8, PMID: 28959205.

Furanodiene Induces Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Resistant MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via NF-κB-Independent Mechanism.

Chemotherapy is used as a primary approach in cancer treatment after routine surgery. However, chemo-resistance tends to occur when chemotherapy is used clinically, resulting in poor prognosis and recurrence. Currently, Chinese medicine may provide insight into the design of new therapies to overcome chemo-resistance.

Lethal albinic seedling, encoding a threonyl-tRNA synthetase, is involved in development of plastid protein synthesis system in rice.

An albinic rice is caused by mutation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase, which is essential for plant development by stabilizing of NEP and PEP gene expressions and chloroplast protein synthesis. Chloroplast biogenesis and development depend on complex genetic mechanisms. Apart from their function in translation, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play additional role in gene expression regulation, RNA splicing, and cytokine activity.

An Ir(III) complex chemosensor for the detection of thiols.

In this study, we report the use of a cyclometalated luminescent iridium(III) complex for the visualization of thiols. The detection of glutathione (GSH) by complex is achieved through the reduction of its phendione N^N donor, which influences the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) of the complex. Complex produced a maximum threefold luminescence enhancement at 587 nm in response to GSH.

A Redox-Sensitive and RAGE-Targeting Nanocarrier for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Most current therapeutic agents lack the tumor-targeting efficiency and result in a nonselective biodistribution in the body. In our previous study, we identified a peptide Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr-Lys-Thr-Gln (APDTKTQ) that can selectively bind to the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), an immunoglobulin superfamily cell surface molecule overexpressed during HCC malignant progression.

[Effects of Low-level Nutrition and Trace Antibiotics on the Fitness Cost of Plasmids Bearing Antibiotic Resistance].

The effects of nutrition and antibiotic level on fitness costs of plasmid containing antibiotic resistance in drinking water system were investigated in this study. Three plasmids harboring different antibiotic resistances, i.e.