The relationship between the variants in the 5'-untranslated regions of equine chorionic gonadotropin genes and serum equine chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Objective: An experiment was conducted to study the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) genes and the serum eCG levels.

Methods: SNPs in 5'-UTR of eCG genes were screened across 10 horse breeds, including 7 Chinese indigenous breeds and 3 imported breeds using iPLEX chemistry, and the association between the serum eCG levels of 174 pregnant Da'an mares and their serum eCG levels (determined with ELISA) was analyzed.

Results: Four SNPs were identified in the 5'-UTR of the eCGα gene, and one of them was unique in the indigenous breeds.

[Monitoring of Winter Wheat Aboveground Fresh Biomass Based on Multi-Information Fusion Technology].

The aim was to find a nondestructive way to improve the accuracy of detecting the winter wheat aboveground fresh biomass(AGFB). In this study, data fusion technology of the spectroscopy technology and the machine vision technology were used to analyze the AGFB and solve the problem that the accuracy of the prediction model of a single technology is not high. In this experiment, canopy spectra and canopy pictures of 93 samples at seeding stage were collected.

[Near-infrared spectra combining with CARS and SPA algorithms to screen the variables and samples for quantitatively determining the soluble solids content in strawberry].

In using spectroscopy to quantitatively or qualitatively analyze the quality of fruit, how to obtain a simple and effective correction model is very critical for the application and maintenance of the developed model. Strawberry as the research object, this research mainly focused on selecting the key variables and characteristic samples for quantitatively determining the soluble solids content. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm was firstly proposed to select the spectra variables.

[Characteristic wavelengths selection of soluble solids content of pear based on NIR spectral and LS-SVM].

To improve the precision and robustness of the NIR model of the soluble solid content (SSC) on pear. The total number of 160 pears was for the calibration (n=120) and prediction (n=40). Different spectral pretreatment methods, including standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were used before further analysis.

[Detection of slight bruises on apples based on hyperspectral imaging and MNF transform].

Bruising is one of the major defects occurring on apple surface inevitably during postharvest handling and processing stage. To detect slight bruises on apples fast and efficiently, a novel bruises detection algorithm based on hyperspectral imaging and minimum noise fraction transform is proposed. First, the hyperspectral images in the visible and near-infrared (400 approximately 1 000 nm) ranges are acquired, and MNF transform based on full ranges could obtain better detection performance compared to PCA transform; Second, five wavebands (560, 660, 720, 820 and 960 nm) are selected as the effective wavebands based on the coefficient curve of I-RELIEF method conducted on spectra extracted from intact and bruise surface; Third, the bruises detection algorithm is developed based on the effective wavebands and MNF transform method.

[Preliminary research on insect damage detection in pecans using terahertz spectroscopy].

Pecan is an important nut in US, however, the inner insect influences pecan's quality a lot. To realize the nondestructive detection of insect damage in American pecans rapidly and efficiently, preliminary research on insect damage detection in pecans was conducted based on terahertz spectroscopy. Firstly, a set of native pecan nuts were collected and were manually sliced with a thickness of about 1, 2 and 3 mm and with a size of about 2 cm(length) X 1 cm(width) for every pecan nutmeat; Pecan shell and inner separator were also cut into the same size.

[Fluoroquinolone resistance determining region mutation in Streptococcus pneumonia isolates].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between different fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the mutations of target genes.

Methods: A total of 232 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were collected from 12 teaching hospitals at 9 cities between June and December 2010. The antibacterial activities of 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method.

[Research on spectra recognition method for cabbages and weeds based on PCA and SIMCA].

In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of weed identification, the difference of spectral reflectance was employed to distinguish between crops and weeds. Firstly, the different combinations of Savitzky-Golay (SG) convolutional derivation and multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) method were applied to preprocess the raw spectral data. Then the clustering analysis of various types of plants was completed by using principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the feature wavelengths which were sensitive for classifying various types of plants were extracted according to the corresponding loading plots of the optimal principal components in PCA results.

[Surveillance of bacterial distribution and drug resistance in inpatients with surgical infections: a single center study].

Objective: To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in patients with surgical infections, and provide the basis for the standardization treatment of the surgical infection.

Methods: Retrospectively analyzed from January 2008 to December 2011 surgical infection in our samples bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test results.

Results: A total of 3829 nonduplicate isolates from 3257 samples, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 62.

Clinical and microbiological features of community-acquired and nosocomial bloodstream infections in the surgical department of a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery. This study aimed at elucidating the clinical characteristics of community-acquired BSIs (CABs) and nosocomial BSIs (nBSIs) in patients admitted to the surgical wards of a teaching hospital in Beijing, China.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared 191 episodes of BSIs in 4074 patients admitted to the surgical wards between January 2008 and December 2011.

[A study of in vitro activity of daptomycin against 2679 Gram-positive cocci].

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro activity of daptomycin against 2679 Gram-positive cocci.

Methods: A total of 2679 non-duplicate Gram-positive cocci isolates were collected from 17 teaching hospitals during January, 2010 and December, 2011. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of daptomycin and other anti-microbial agents against 4 Gram-positive cocci were determined by micro-broth dilution method and agar dilution respectively.

[Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from 13 teaching hospitals across China].

Objective: To explore the antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial Gram-negative bacilli across China.

Methods: A total of 1247 consecutive and non-repetitive Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 13 Chinese teaching hospitals from March to August 2012. All isolates were sent to a central laboratory for reidentification and susceptibility testing.

[Research on discrimination of cabbage and weeds based on visible and near-infrared spectrum analysis].

The automatic identification of weeds forms the basis for precision spraying of crops infest. The canopy spectral reflectance within the 350-2 500 nm band of two strains of cabbages and five kinds of weeds such as barnyard grass, setaria, crabgrass, goosegrass and pigweed was acquired by ASD spectrometer. According to the spectral curve characteristics, the data in different bands were compressed with different levels to improve the operation efficiency.

[An analysis of resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens isolated from 13 teaching hospitals in 2011].

Objective: To investigate the pathogen profile of nosocomial infection in China, and to survey the susceptibility rates of these pathogens to the clinical common antibiotics.

Methods: The non-repetitive nosocomial pathogens isolated from bloodstream infection (BSI), hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and intra-abdominal infection (IAI) and the case data were collected from 13 teaching hospitals in different areas of China and sent to a central laboratory for re-identification and susceptibility testing. The levels of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the common antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method.

[Antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from multi-centers across China, 2010 - 2011].

Objective: To investigate the trends of resistance of S. pneumoniae and to evaluate the potential coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of 471 pneumococcal strains isolated from pneumococcal diseases in 13 hospitals across China during 2010 to 2011 were studied.

[Effect of spectral resolution on black soil organic matter content predicting model based on laboratory reflectance].

Laboratory reflectance of Black soil samples was re-sampled with different spectral resolution, and the correlation between soil organic matter (OM) and reflectance, spectral variables was analyzed to study the effect of spectral resolution on black soil OM predicting model. The results are as follows: the spectral response range of black soil OM is between 445 and 1 380 nm, high OM content shades the spectral effect of other soil properties. The precision of black soil OM predicting models increases and decreases with spectral resolution, and the maximum accuracy is at 50 nm, which is wider than hyperspectral resolution, and narrower than the bandwidth of multispectral sensors; with the derivative of logarithmic reflectance reciprocal as input variables, the optimal black soil organic matter predicting model shows high accuracy, with R2 = 0.

Spectral target-detecting system using sine-wave modulation.

Target detection is one of the key technology of precision chemical application. Previously the digital coding modulation technique was commonly used to emit and receive the optical signal in the target detection systems previously in China. It was difficult to adjust the output power, and the anti-interference ability was weak in these systems.

[Study on relationship between new characteristic parameters of spectral curve and chlorophyll content for rice].

It is of significance to monitor chlorophyll content with hyperspectral data for crop growth diagnosis in field. In the study, with the point of view that spectral curve shapes display "tall, low, fat and thin" morphological changes, we proposed some new characteristic parameters from spectral curve such as the ascensive or degressive velocities of segments composing peak or valley shapes in spectral curve, and angles formed by the lines fitting the segments of two sides of peak or valley curves, and used the normalized spectra to analyze correlation between these parameters and rice chlorophyll content. The result shows that (1) there is a good negative correlation between rice chlorophyll content and normalized reflectance spectra from 520-740 nm; (2) characteristic parameters from green peak region of spectral curve display better correlation with rice chlorophyll content, which makes it possible to utilize the parameters to monitor crop chlorophyll content, and will provide new ideas and methods for carrying out crop growth diagnosis with hyperspectral data.

[Resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae among adults and children in China].

Objective: To investigate the serogroups/types distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of different serogroups/types in both children and adults in China, and to explore the significance of vaccines in preventing pneumococcal infections and control of epidemic Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Methods: A total of 580 consecutive and non-repetitive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were collected from 13 hospitals between 2005 and 2008. Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 11 antibacterial agents.

[Study of serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular epidemiology in 148 isolates of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae].

Objective: To investigate the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolated from invasive pneumococcal diseases in order to provide rationales for antibiotics application and immunity control of S. pneumoniae.

[Study on spectral detection of green plant target].

Weeds grow scatteredly in fields, where many insentient objects exist, for example, withered grasses, dry twig and barriers. In order to improve the precision level of spraying, it is important to study green plant detecting technology. The present paper discussed detecting method of green plant by using spectral recognizing technology, because of the real-time feature of spectral recognition.

High prevalence of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from adult and adolescent patients with respiratory tract infection in China.

The resistance rate of 67 Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from 356 ambulatory adult patients with respiratory tract infection was 69% (46 of 67). All 46 macrolide-resistant strains harbored point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene. Patients infected with macrolide-resistant M.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the chicken basic helix-loop-helix factors.

Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors play important roles in a wide range of developmental processes. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide survey using the chicken (Gallus gallus) genomic database, and identified 104 bHLH sequences belonging to 42 gene families in an effort to characterize the chicken bHLH transcription factor family. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that chicken has 50, 21, 15, 4, 8, and 3 bHLH members in groups A, B, C, D, E, and F, respectively, while three members belonging to none of these groups were classified as ''orphans".

[Estimation of livestock manure nitrogen load and pollution risk evaluation of farmland in Daxing District].

Based on the livestock statistical data, the nutrient content of livestock manure was calculated and the nutrient transformation from livestock manure to farmland was realized by using the method of spatializing livestock manure nutrient. On this basis, this paper calculated nitrogen load of livestock manure combining with the area of farmland and realized the estimation of nitrogen load of livestock manure and potential pollution evaluation in landmass for unit taking Daxing District in Beijing as an example. The result showed that the average, minimum and maximum nitrogen loads of farmland were 214.