The extraction process, structural characterization and free radical scavenging ability of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera have already been widely studied. However, the antioxidant activities are still lack of systematic experiments. In this study, we used Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides that from C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlsophila spinulosa, as a rare tree fern with potential medicinal value, has attracted extensive attention. Herein, the physicochemical properties, antioxidant and anti-aging activities of polysaccharide from A. spinulosa leaf (ALP) were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLand plants live in a crisis-filled environment and the fluctuation of sunlight intensity often causes damage to photosynthetic apparatus. Phyto-melatonin is an effective bioactive molecule that helps plants to resist various biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to explore the role of melatonin under high light stress, we investigated the effects of melatonin on anti-oxidative system and photosynthesis of under high light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe protective role of melatonin in plants against various abiotic stresses have been widely demonstrated, but poorly explored in organ-specific responses and the transmission of melatonin signals across organs. In this study, the effects of melatonin with the root-irrigation method and the leaf-spraying method on the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in maize seedlings under drought stress were investigated. The results showed that drought stress led to the rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), severe cell death, and degradation of D1 protein, which were mitigated by the melatonin application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an important biological hormone in many abiotic stress responses and developmental processes. In this study, the protective roles of melatonin were investigated by measuring the antioxidant defense system and photosynthetic characteristics in maize under salt stress. The results indicated that NaCl treatment led to the decrease in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin (-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important role in multiple plant developmental processes and stress responses. We investigated the possible mediatory role of melatonin in growth, photosynthesis, and the response to cold stress in rice by using three different experiments: soaking seed; immersing roots, and spraying to leaves with 0, 20, or 100 μM melatonin. After 6 days of cold stress, the growth of rice seedlings was significantly inhibited, but this inhibition was alleviated by exogenous melatonin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hybridization and polyploidization can be major mechanisms for plant evolution and speciation. Thus, the process of polyploidization and evolutionary history of polyploids is of widespread interest. The species in Elymus L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolysaccharides were extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge using response surface methodology (RSM) with ultrasonication. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction parameters to maximize the polysaccharide extraction yield. The polysaccharide SMP-U1 was isolated and characterized; then the antioxidant and antiproliferation activities were evaluated in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Phylogenet Evol
August 2014
Ribosomal ITS polymorphism and its ancestral genome origin of polyploid Leymus were examined to infer the evolutionary outcome of rDNA gene following allopolyploid speciation and to elucidate the geographic pattern of ITS variation. The results demonstrated that different polyploids have experienced varying fates, including maintenance or homogenization of divergent arrays, occurrence of chimeric repeats and potential pseudogenes. Our data suggested that (1) the Ns, P/F, and St genomic types in Leymus were originated from Psathyrostachys, Agropyron/Eremopyrum, and Pseudoroegneria, respectively; (2) the occurrence of a higher proportion of Leymus species with predominant uniparental rDNA type might associate with the segmental allopolyploid origin, nucleolar dominance of alloploids, and rapid radiation of Leymus; (3) maintenance of multiple parental ITS types in allopolyploid might result from long generation times associated to vegetative multiplication, number and chromosomal location of ribosomal loci and/or recurrent hybridization; (4) the rDNA genealogical structure of Leymus species might associate with the geographic origins; and (5) ITS sequence clade shared by Leymus species from Central Asia, North America, and Nordic might be an outcome of ancestral ITS homogenization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To clone the cDNA sequence of squalene synthase gene from Paris polyphylla, and characterize the biological features of the obtained SQS.
Method: Using homology cloning and RACE technique, a full-length cDNA sequence of PpSQS gene was isolated from P. polyphylla.
Single- and low-copy genes are less likely to be subject to concerted evolution. Thus, they are appropriate tools to study the origin and evolution of polyploidy plant taxa. The plastid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene (Pgk-1) sequences from 44 accessions of Triticum and Aegilops, representing diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats, were used to estimate the origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn effective DNA marker for authenticating the genus Salvia was screened using seven DNA regions (rbcL, matK, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH from the chloroplast genome, and ITS, ITS1, and ITS2 from the nuclear genome) and three combinations (rbcL+matK, psbA-trnH+ITS1, and trnL-F+ITS1). The present study collected 232 sequences from 27 Salvia species through DNA sequencing and 77 sequences within the same taxa from the GenBank. The discriminatory capabilities of these regions were evaluated in terms of PCR amplification success, intraspecific and interspecific divergence, DNA barcoding gaps, and identification efficiency via a tree-based method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo estimate the origin and genomic relationships of the polyploid species within Elymus L. sensu lato, two unlinked single-copy nuclear gene (Acc1 and Pgk1) sequences of eighteen tetraploids (StH and StY genomes) and fourteen hexaploids (StStH, StYP, StYH, and StYW genomes) were analyzed with those of 35 diploid taxa representing 18 basic genomes in Triticeae. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis suggested that: (1) the St, H, W, and P genomes were donated by Pseudoroegneria, Hordeum, Australopyrum, and Agropyron, respectively, while the Y genome is closely related to the Xp genome in Peridictyon sanctum; (2) different hexaploid Elymus s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe level and pattern of nucleotide variation in duplicate gene provide important information on the evolutionary history of polyploids and divergent process between homoeologous loci within lineages. Kengyilia is a group of allohexaploid species with the StYP genomic constitutions in the wheat tribe. To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of the Pgk1 gene in Kengyilia and its diploid relatives, three copies of Pgk1 homoeologues were isolated from all sampled hexaploid Kengyilia species and analyzed with the Pgk1 sequences from 47 diploid taxa representing 18 basic genomes in Triticeae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe phylogenetic relationships of 15 taxa from Hystrix and the related genera Leymus (NsXm), Elymus (StH), Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), Psathyrostachys (Ns), and Thinopyrum (E) were examined by using the Giemsa C-banded karyotype. The Hy. patula C-banding pattern was similar to those of Elymus species, whereas C-banding patterns of the other Hystrix species were similar to those of Leymus species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGuang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi
October 2008
The contents of trace elements, including copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, molybdenum, manganese, and cadmium in Chinese traditional herb S. miltiorrhiza and its relative species such as S. miltiorrhiza f.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
November 2006
Objective: To study the numbers of chromosome in Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza from 7 provinces in China, and S. flava as well as S. evansiana from Yunnan province in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPCR-RFLP of Plasmon on 23 species of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia and 1 outgroup (Triticum aestivum L.) was carried out. The segments amplified with 3 cpDNA and 3 mtDNA universal primers were digested by 15 restriction endonucleases.
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