Trichinella spiralis -induced immunomodulation signatures on gut microbiota and metabolic pathways in mice.

The hygiene hypothesis proposes that decreased exposure to infectious agents in developed countries may contribute to the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Trichinella spiralis, a parasitic roundworm, causes trichinellosis, also known as trichinosis, in humans. T.

Excretory-Secretory Products Stimulate Host Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Activating Dendritic Cells.

maintains chronic infections within its host, involving a variety of immunomodulatory properties, the mechanisms of which have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we found that infection induced strong regulatory T cell responses through parasite excretory-secretory (ES) products, characterized by increase of CD4CD25Foxp3 and CD4CD25Foxp3 Treg cells accompanied by high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. adult worm excretory-secretory products (AES) and muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (MES) were both able to activate BMDCs in vitro to facilitate their maturation and to create regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β.