Asia-Pacific working group consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an update 2018.

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains an important emergency condition, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. As endoscopic therapy is the 'gold standard' of management, treatment of these patients can be considered in three stages: pre-endoscopic treatment, endoscopic haemostasis and post-endoscopic management. Since publication of the Asia-Pacific consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) 7 years ago, there have been significant advancements in the clinical management of patients in all three stages.

Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the human MUC5AC promoter activity in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of inflammatory cytokines on the activity of the human MUC5AC promoter in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Conjunctival epithelial cells transfected with MUC5AC-luciferase plasmids challenged with different cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) at various concentration (1, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 pg/mL) for 24 hours. A Helio Gene Gun system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) was used to deliver MUC5AC-luciferase plasmids into rabbit conjunctivas, which were also challenged with these cytokines (1000 pg/mL) at the frequency of every six hours for 48 hours.

Sequential argon-YAG laser membranectomy and phacoemulsification for treatment of persistent pupillary membrane and associated cataract.

We report a case of a persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) associated with a cataract managed by sequential argon-YAG laser membranectomy and phacoemulsification. A 30-year-old woman had an extensive PPM and anterior capsular opacity of the lens in the right eye. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/60.