Publications by authors named "Chun-Xiao Sun"

Almost all prey live in habitats with predators with different hunting modes; however, most studies on predation have investigated the effects of only one predator at a time. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis), a common cyprinid fish, responds differently to active hunting and ambush predators and how qingbo responds when both types of predators coexist. Juvenile qingbo were subjected to catfish (Clarias fuscus, active hunter) exposure, snakehead fish (Channa argus, ambush hunter) exposure, or mixed predator exposure (catfish and snakehead coexistence) for a duration of 60 days.

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Three new mycophenolic acid derivatives, penicacids E-G (1-3), together with three known analogues, mycophenolic acid (4), 4'-hydroxy-mycophenolic acid (5) and mycophenolic methyl ester (6), were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium parvum HDN17-478 from a South China Sea marine sediment sample. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by HRMS, NMR, and Mosher's method. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were the first examples of mycophenolic acid analogs with a double bond at C-3'/C-4' position.

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One new ,-butenoate derivative phenylbutenote (), and one new -pyrone nocapyrone T () were isolated from the deep-sea derived actinomycete sp. HDN 17-237. Their structures were elucidated by extensive HRMS, IR and NMR analyses.

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) technology has enabled the identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) on a genome-wide scale. To effectively and efficiently discover TFBSs in the thousand or more DNA sequences generated by a ChIP-Seq data set, we propose a new algorithm named AP-ChIP. First, we set two thresholds based on probabilistic analysis to construct and further filter the cluster subsets.

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Two new polyketides, purpurofuranone (1) and purpuropyranone (2), were isolated along with the known polyketides, cillifuranone (3) and taiwapyrone (4), from a mutant BD-3n-1 derived from the diethyl sulfate (DES) mutagenesis of a marine-derived G59. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods especially on the basis of X-ray diffraction and calculated optical rotations data. The plausible biosynthesis of 1 - 4 was also proposed and discussed.

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Article Synopsis
  • Hypocrellin A (HA) is a natural compound from a fungus used in photodynamic therapy for cancer and produced through mycelial cultures, offering a sustainable production method.* -
  • Research showed that using red LED light (627 nm) significantly increased HA production in these cultures, achieving over three times the amount produced in darkness after eight days.* -
  • The study identified 14 genes responsive to red light that may enhance HA biosynthesis, indicating that light not only boosts internal HA levels but also encourages its release into the surrounding medium.*
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained tremendous attention in the fields of environmental restoration and sustainable energy for their potential use as photocatalyst. Herein, a new two-dimensional (2D) Cu(I)-based MOF material showing a narrow forbidden-band of 2.13 eV was successfully constructed using a visible-light-harvesting anthracene-based bipyridine ligand.

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Hypocrellin A (HA) is a major bioactive perylenequinone from the fruiting body of Shiraia bambusicola used for the treatment of skin diseases and developed as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent against cancers and viruses. The mycelial culture of S. bambusicola under dark is a biotechnological alternative for HA production but with low yield.

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As a modulatable class of porous crystalline materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained intensive research attention in the domain of gas storage and separation. In this study, we report on the synthesis and gas adsorption properties of two robust MOFs with the general formula [Co(μ-OH)(cpt)Co(μ-OH)(L)(HO)](NO)(guests) [L = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (1) and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (2); Hcpt = 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole], which show the same pacs topology. Both MOFs are isostructural to each other and show MIL-88-type frameworks whose pore spaces are partitioned by different functionlized trinuclear 1,2,4-triazolate-based clusters.

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As the first example of a photocatalytic system for splitting water without additional cocatalysts and photosensitizers, the comparatively cost-effective Cu I -based MOF, Cu-I-bpy (bpy=4,4'-bipyridine) exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production (7.09 mmol g  h ). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations established the electronic structures of Cu-I-bpy with a narrow band gap of 2.

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Article Synopsis
  • * *In a study, low-intensity ultrasound (US) significantly boosted HA production in Shiraia bambusicola, increasing mycelial HA content by 177.2% and reaching a peak total production of 247.67mg/L on day 8.
  • * *The ultrasound treatment altered cellular properties and enhanced gene expression related to HA biosynthesis and exudation, providing insights for optimizing HA production in submerged cultures.
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Two unique immunosensors made of aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, 515- and 516-MOFs, with 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoic acid (HNTB) were successfully obtained to efficiently assess food safety. The as-prepared 515- and 516-MOFs exhibited superior thermal and physicochemical stability, high electrochemical activity, and good biocompatibility. Among these immunosensors, 516-MOF showed a preferable biosensing ability toward analytes determined by electrochemical techniques.

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This study aimed to induce malignant transformation of endometriosis in Sprague-Dawley rats by hyperestrogenemia and type II diabetes and evaluate its similarity with human disease in biological features. Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were randomized into two groups: those treated with estradiol (5 mg/kg three times/week after surgery), streptozotocin (25 mg/kg, 1 month after surgery), and high carbohydrate-and-fat feed (Es group); and those treated with placebo saline and standard feed (control group). All rats were randomly killed 2, 4, or 8 months after surgery.

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Introduction: Clinicians are regularly confronted with difficult choices. Should a tooth that has not healed through nonsurgical root canal treatment be treated through endodontic microsurgery or be replaced using a single implant? Acquiring complete, unbiased information to help clinicians and their patients make these choices requires a systematic review of the literature on treatment outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the outcomes of tooth retention through endodontic microsurgery to tooth replacement using an implant supported single crown.

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Objective: To elucidate the aetiology of periodontitis, this study focused on the adenosine receptor (AR) expression profiles (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR) in periodontal diseased tissues.

Methods: Adenosine receptor gene expression levels in human gingiva from 15 patients with healthy gingival tissues (control group) and 15 patients who exhibited severe chronic periodontitis (test group) were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: The mRNA expression pattern changed in human chronic periodontitis: the A1AR decreased 20%, A2AAR increased 2.

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Oral actinomycosis is not a common disease, but it can cause massive destruction. This article reports a case of implant failure associated with actinomycosis. A 55-year-old Caucasian male patient had tooth #20 extracted years ago and an implant placed 3 years ago.

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Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is generated in response to cell injury where it orchestrates tissue protection and repair. Whereas adenosine is best known for promoting anti-inflammatory activities during acute injury responses, prolonged elevations can enhance destructive tissue remodeling processes associated with chronic disease states. The generation of adenosine and the subsequent activation of the adenosine 2B receptor (A(2B)R) is an important processes in the regulation of both acute and chronic lung disease.

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Hyperplastic dental follicle is an extremely rare lesion. The practitioner should be able to differentiate it from a dentigerous cyst. The present article will review related literature and report on two cases in one family.

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Adenosine is a signaling nucleoside that is generated in response to cellular injury and orchestrates the balance between tissue protection and the progression to pathological tissue remodeling. Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice develop progressive airway inflammation and remodeling in association with adenosine elevations, suggesting that adenosine can promote features of chronic lung disease. Furthermore, pharmacological studies in ADA-deficient mice demonstrate that A(2B)R antagonism can attenuate features of chronic lung disease, implicating this receptor in the progression of chronic lung disease.

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We recently showed that A(2A) adenosine receptor activation by endogenous adenosine contributes to interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in polymicrobial sepsis. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underpinning this interaction between adenosine receptor signaling and infection by exposing macrophages to Escherichia coli. We demonstrated using receptor knockout mice that A(2A) receptor activation is critically required for the stimulatory effect of adenosine on IL-10 production by E coli-challenged macrophages, whereas A(2B) receptors have a minor role.

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Maternal endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia is associated with increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a circulating antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases concomitant with sFlt-1 during pregnancy. Therefore, we speculated that Ang II may promote the expression of sFlt-1 in pregnancy.

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Adenosine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In vitro studies suggest that activation of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) results in proinflammatory and profibrotic effects relevant to the progression of lung diseases; however, in vivo data supporting these observations are lacking. Adenosine deaminase-deficient (ADA-deficient) mice develop pulmonary inflammation and injury that are dependent on increased lung adenosine levels.

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Mucin hypersecretion is a prominent feature of obstructive airway diseases such as asthma. Clara cells conditionally produce mucin in response to inflammatory signals in a process termed mucous metaplasia. This can be followed by mucin secretion stimulated by various signaling molecules.

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To define the factors that control the tissue effects of IL-4, we compared the effects of Tg IL-4 in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice. In the former, IL-4 caused modest eosinophilic inflammation and mild airway fibrosis and did not shorten survival. In C57BL/6 mice, IL-4 caused profound eosinophilic inflammation, airway fibrosis, emphysematous alveolar destruction, and premature death.

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Objective: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) may be multifunctional, regulating adenosine levels and adenosine receptor (AR) agonism, and potentially modifying AR functionality. Herein we assess effects of ADA (and A1AR) deficiency on AR-mediated responses and ischaemic tolerance.

Methods: Normoxic function and responses to 20 or 25 min ischaemia and 45 min reperfusion were studied in isolated hearts from wild-type mice and from mice deficient in ADA and/or A1ARs.

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