Bis-Iridoid Glycosides and Triterpenoids from and Their Potential as Inhibitors of ACC1 and ACL.

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the twigs/leaves and flower buds of , a rare deciduous shrub native to China, led to the isolation of 39 structurally diverse compounds. These compounds include 11 iridoid glycosides (- and -), 20 triterpenoids (, , and -), and 8 phenylpropanoids (-). Among these, amabiliosides A () and B () represent previously undescribed bis-iridoid glycosides, while amabiliosides C () and D () feature a unique bis-iridoid-monoterpenoid indole alkaloid scaffold with a tetrahydro--carboline-5-carboxylic acid moiety.

Major specialized natural products from the endangered plant Heptacodium miconioides, potential medicinal uses and insights into its longstanding unresolved systematic classification.

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the flower buds and leaves/twigs of Heptacodium miconioides, a cultivated ornamental plant native to China and categorized as 'vulnerable', has led to the isolation of 45 structurally diverse compounds, which comprise 18 phenylpropanoids (1-4, 7-20), 11 pentacyclic triterpenoids (5, 6, 21-29), eight secoiridoid glycosides (30-37), three quinic acid derivatives (38-40), and a few miscellaneous components (41-45). Among them, (+)-α-intermedianol (1), (+)-holophyllol A (2), and (-)-pseudolarkaemin A (3) represent previously unreported enantiomeric lignans, while (+)-7'(R)-hydroxymatairesinol (4) is an undescribed naturally occurring lignan. Heptacoacids A (5) and B (6) are undescribed 24-nor-urs-28-oic acid derivatives.

Unprecedented spirodioxynaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta ligustricola HDF-L-2 derived from the endangered conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii.

Four undescribed palmarumycin-type spirodioxynaphthalenes (phyligustricins A-D) and a known biogenetic precursor (palmarumycin BG1) were isolated from a solid fermentation of Phyllosticta ligustricola HDF-L-2, an endophyte associated with the endangered Chinese conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Both phyligustricins A and B have an unprecedented spirodioxynaphthalene-derived skeleton containing an extra 4H-furo [3,2-c]pyran-4-one moiety, while phyligustricins C and D are p-hydroxy-phenethyl substituted spirodioxynaphthalenes.

Liriogerphines A-D, a Class of Sesquiterpene-Alkaloid Hybrids from the Rare Chinese Tulip Tree Plant.

Liriogerphines A-D (, respectively), an unprecedented class of hybrids of germacranolide-type sesquiterpenoids and aporphine-type alkaloids, were isolated from the rare medicinal plant . Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses combined with electronic circular dichroism calculations and X-ray crystallographic data. Biosynthetically, an aza-Michael addition reaction is proposed to be involved in the assemblies of this class of hybrids.

Beshanzoides A-D, unprecedented cycloheptanone-containing polyketides from P-4-1, an endophytic fungus of the endangered conifer .

A number of previously undescribed (1-7) and structurally related known (8-17) isobenzofuran-type polyketides were obtained from the fermentation of P-4-1, an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh trunk bark of the critically endangered conifer . Beshanzoides A-D (1-4, resp.) feature a cycloheptanone-containing isobenzofuran ring system hitherto unknown, which might be biosynthesized two steps of aldol reactions starting from a common co-occurring isobenzofuran-type polyketide as the precursor.

Structurally diverse glycosides of secoiridoid, bisiridoid, and triterpene-bisiridoid conjugates from the flower buds of two Caprifoliaceae plants and their ATP-citrate lyase inhibitory activities.

The ethanolic extracts of the dried flower buds of two Caprifoliaceae plants, Lonicera japonica and Abelia × grandiflora, showed considerable inhibitory activities against adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase (ACL), a new promising drug target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Bioassay-guided purification in conjunction with HPLC-PDA profiling led to the isolation and characterization of thirty-five (1-35) and fourteen (1'-14') structurally diverse compounds from the above two plant extracts, respectively. Compounds 1-9 and 1'-6' are previously undescribed glycosides.

Indole Alkaloids from a Soil-Derived .

Clonorosins A () and B (), two novel indole alkaloids featuring unprecedented 6/5/6/6/5 and 6/5/5 cores, together with seven known indole-linked 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids (-), were isolated from the soil-derived fungus YRS-06. The new structures were proposed through HR-MS, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic data. They were established by comparing the calculated NMR, ECD, and specific rotation data with the experimental.

Highly Oxygenated Triterpenoids and Diterpenoids from Fructus Rubi ( Hu) and Their NF-kappa B Inhibitory Effects.

During a phytochemical investigation of the unripe fruits of Hu (i.e., Fructus Rubi, a traditional Chinese medicine named "Fu-Pen-Zi"), a number of highly oxygenated terpenoids were isolated and characterized.

Macrocyclic Pyridone Pentamers for Highly Selective High-Capacity Removal of Caesium Ions from Radioactive High-Salinity Waste.

We report here that macrocyclic H-bonded pyridone pentamers, containing five properly and convergently spaced electron-rich O-atoms that decorate a rigid cavity of 2.85 Å across, exhibit an extraordinarily high yet pH-independent capacity and selectivity in Cs removal. In particular, with [host]=240 μM and [Cs ]=15 μM, a single extraction efficiently removes more than 91% of Cs ions from artificial sea water, containing various competitive metal ions at a total concentration of 0.

A new indole alkaloid from the stems of var.

A phytochemical investigation on the stems of var. led to the isolation of a new indole alkaloid (named glycosmiscrol A, ), together with four known compounds (-). The new structure was elucidated by detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods.

A new coumarin derivative from the stems of the endangered plant .

A preliminary phytochemical investigation of the stems of the endangered plant led to the isolation of a new coumarin derivative (named ulmuselactone A, ) and eight known compounds (-). The new structure was elucidated by detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods, and its absolute configuration was established by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities.

Urinary Metal Concentrations and the Incidence of Hypertension Among Adult Residents Along the Yangtze River, China.

Metals from the natural environment have potential hypertension effects. However, relevant studies on this topic are few. A total of 1358 adults aged 18-74 years from Chizhou, Maanshan, and Tongling of Anhui Province participated in the baseline study from 2014 to 2015.

Fasting serum glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroid hormones and risk of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study.

Background: This study was to investigate the association of fasting serum glucose (FSG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid hormones with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods: A total of 649 participants were included in this case-control study. The associations of FSG, TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) with PTC were estimated using an unconditional logistic regression.

Isolation, Identification, and Activity Evaluation of Chemical Constituents from Soil Fungus Fusarium avenaceum SF-1502 and Endophytic Fungus Fusarium proliferatum AF-04.

Fusarium, a large genus of filamentous fungi, is widely distributed in soil and plants. Fusarium is a prolific source of novel chemical constituents with various bioactivities. In search for antibiotics from soil and endophytic fungi, the secondary metabolites of Fusarium avenaceum SF-1502 and Fusarium proliferatum AF-04 were investigated.

Arsenic Exposure and Incident Hypertension of Adult Residents Living in Rural Areas Along the Yangtze River, Anhui, China.

Objective: As a widespread toxic metal, arsenic had potential effect for hypertensive. We evaluated the association between urinary arsenic and the incidence of hypertension in adult residents along the Yangtze River of China.

Methods: We conducted the study of 1358 adults 18 to 74 years of age from Chizhou, Maanshan, and Tongling of Anhui province, who participated in the baseline study in 2014 to 2015.

Two novel bioactive sulfated guaiane sesquiterpenoid salt alkaloids from the aerial parts of Scorzonera divaricata.

Unlabelled: Extracts of the aerial parts of Scorzonera divaricata afforded sulfoscorzonin D (1) and sulfoscorzonin E (2), two novel pyrrolidine inner salt alkaloids with a sulfated guaiane sesquiterpene lactone nucleus, along with 22 known compounds. Especially, sulfoscorzonin D containing a unusual monoterpene moiety is very rare. The structures of new compounds were established using spectroscopic analysis including one- and two-dimensional NMR and HRESIMS.

Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from the Soil-Derived Fungus Clonostachys rosea YRS-06, a Biological Control Agent, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity.

The fungus Clonostachys rosea is widely distributed all over the world. The destructive force of this fungus, as a biological control agent, is very strong to lots of plant pathogenic fungi. As part of the ongoing search for antibiotics from fungi obtained from soil samples, the secondary metabolites of C.

The Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Talaromyces species.

The focus of this review is placed on the chemical structures from the species of the genus Talaromyces reported with reference to their biological activities. 221 secondary metabolites, including 43 alkaloids and peptides, 88 esters, 31 polyketides, 19 quinones, 15 steroid and terpenoids, and 25 other structure type compounds, have been included, and 66 references are cited.

The polymorphism in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene, causing a substitution of Glu > Lys(504), is not associated with coronary atherosclerosis severity in Han Chinese.

Alcohol consumption has an important effect on coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism. A G-to-A missense mutation of ALDH2 gene, which causes a Glu > Lys(504) substitution, was recently shown to be associated with carotid atherosclerosis; however, its relationship with coronary atherosclerosis has not been well studied.

[The relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene polymorphisms and efficacy of nitroglycerin].

Objective: To investigate the association among aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms, alcohol flushing and efficacy of nitroglycerin (GTN) in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods: One hundred and forty two patients with coronary heart disease, who were confirmed by coronary angiography and consistent with the criteria of selection were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to flushing or not after drinking wine: non-flushing group (n = 88) and flushing group (n = 54).

Molecular dissection of interspecific variation between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: II. Fiber fineness.

A backcross-self population from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense was used to dissect the molecular basis of genetic variation governing two parameters reflecting lint fiber fineness and to compare the precision of these two measurements. By applying a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map to 3,662 BC(3)F(2) plants from 24 independently derived BC(3) families, we were able to detect 32 and nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fiber fineness and micronaire (MIC), respectively.

Molecular dissection of phenotypic variation between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: III. Fiber length.

A backcross-self population from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense was used to dissect the molecular basis of genetic variation governing 15 parameters that reflect fiber length. Applying a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map to 3,662 BC(3)F(2) plants from 24 independently derived BC(3) families, we detected 28, nine, and eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fiber length, length uniformity, and short fiber content, respectively.

Molecular dissection of interspecific variation between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: I. Fiber elongation.

The current study is the first installment of an effort to explore the secondary gene pool for the enhancement of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm. We developed advanced-generation backcross populations by first crossing G.