PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors related adverse events: A bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2024.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are considered effective alternatives for the primary treatment of recurrent metastatic cancers. However, they can induce various adverse events affecting multiple organ systems, potentially diminishing patients' quality of life, and even leading to treatment interruptions. Adverse events related to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors differ from those associated with CTLA-4 inhibitors and are more commonly observed in the treatment of solid tumors.

Altered gene expression profiling by non-thermal plasma-activated media treatment in radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: High recurrence rates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) significantly affect prognosis, especially in radioresistant HNSCC (RR-HNSCC). Nonthermal plasma (NTP) therapy can effectively suppress the progression of HNSCC; however, the therapeutic mechanism of NTP therapy for RR-HNSCC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of NTP in the RR-HNSCC signaling pathway and identified its signature genes.

Defining the cardiac surgical learning curve: a longitudinal cumulative analysis of a surgeon's experience and performance monitoring in the first decade of practice.

Background: Individual surgeons' learning curves are a crucial factor impacting patient outcomes. While many studies investigate procedure-specific learning curves, very few carried out a longitudinal analysis of individual cardiac surgeons over the course of their career. Given the evolving landscape of cardiac surgery with the introduction of transcatheter and robotic procedures, a contemporary evaluation of the cardiac surgical learning curve is justified and a method of personal performance monitoring is proposed in this study.

Integrating Ultrabright Polymer Dots and Stereo NIR-II Imager for Assessing Anti-Angiogenic Drugs in Oral Cancer Model.

The development of efficient platforms for the evaluation of anti-angiogenic agents is critical in advancing cancer therapeutics. In this study, we exploited an ultrabright semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) integrating with a three-dimensional (3D) near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging system designed to assess the efficacy of potent anti-angiogenic agents PX-478 and BPR0C261 in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumour model, which depends on angiogenesis for dissemination. PX-478, a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor, and BPR0C261, a microtubule-disrupting agent, were administrated into tumour-bearing mice established using murine MTCQ1 tongue cancer cells through intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage, respectively.

Folate-targeted nanoparticles for glutamine metabolism inhibition enhance anti-tumor immunity and suppress tumor growth in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly malignant gynecological tumor, and its effective treatment is frequently impeded by drug resistance and recurrent tumor growth. The reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in ovarian cancer is closely associated with tumor progression and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy.

Ice-pop making inspired photothermal ultra-swelling microneedles to facilitate loading and intradermal vaccination of tumor antigen.

Cancer vaccines hold great promise in the fight against cancer. Here, we report an ice-pop making inspired photothermal ultra-swelling microneedle (PUSMN) patch for facilitating and enhancing cancer vaccination. The PUSMN patch consist of an array of microneedles made from photo-crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid and polydopamine, a near-infrared photothermal conversion material, connected to a customized resin handle like an ice-pop stick.

Canagliflozin inhibits hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) induction of tubulopathy in diabetic Akita mice.

Renal hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) activates sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (Sglt2) expression and promotes tubular senescence in murine diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet its underlying mechanism(s) are poorly understood. Here we study the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor, canagliflozin on tubulopathy (fibrosis and apoptosis) in Akita/Hhip-transgenic (Tg) mice with overexpression of Hhip in their renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) and its relevant mechanisms. The DKD-tubulopathy with pronounced Sglt2 expression was aggravated in the kidney of Akita/Hhip-Tg cf.

A Similar Mutation in the AAUU-Rich Elements of the Mouse TNF Gene Results in a Distinct Ileocolitic Phenotype: A New Strain of TNF-Overexpressing Mice.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The stability of its mRNA transcript, determined in part by destabilizing sequences in its AAUU repeats (ARE) gene region, is an important regulator of its tissue and systemic levels. A deletion in the ARE region of the gene resulted in IBD and arthritis in mice and pigs, supporting a critical role for the cytokine in human IBD and several human arthritides.

Peritherapeutic intra-arterial flow changes predict long-term stent patency in patients with severe intracranial artery stenosis receiving PTAS.

Background And Purpose: The quantitative intra-arterial flow dynamics following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for severe intracranial artery stenosis have never been investigated. We aimed to evaluate peritherapeutic intracranial artery flow dynamics following PTAS with quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (qMRA) to predict long-term stent patency.

Design: This is a prospective, single-center study.

'Walking the journey' with pregnant and birthing women from remote Australian First Nations communities: A qualitative study in the Top End of the Northern Territory.

Problem/background: Australian First Nations people experience disproportionate burdens of poor outcomes compared to non-First Nations people. Further, women living in remote communities face more barriers to care-seeking in pregnancy. Despite work being done in some remote communities, there is limited data exploring women's experiences of pregnancy care, thus a limited understanding of specific barriers and enablers to care-seeking for these women.

Biodegradable copper-containing mesoporous microspheres loaded with ginsenoside Rb1 for infarcted heart repair.

The current unavailability of efficient myocardial repair therapies constitutes a significant bottleneck in the clinical management of myocardial infarction (MI). Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) has emerged as a compound with potential benefits in safeguarding myocardial cells and facilitating the regeneration of myocardial tissue. However, its efficacy in treating MI-related ischemic conditions is hampered by its low bioavailability and inadequate angiogenic properties.

The Translation Initiation Factor eIF2Bα Regulates Development, Stress Response, Amylase Production, and Kojic Acid Synthesis in the Fungus Aspergillus oryzae.

Translation initiation, which involves numerous protein factors and coordinated control steps, represents the most complicated process during eukaryotic translation. However, the roles of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) in filamentous fungi are not well clarified. In this study, we investigated the function of eIF2Bα in Aspergillus oryzae, an industrially important filamentous fungus.

Quantitative risk assessment of rainstorm-induced flood disaster in Piedmont plain of Pakistan.

Pakistan's geographic location makes it an important land hub between Central Asia, Middle East-North Africa, and China. However, the railways, roads, farmland, riverways, and residential quarters in the Piedmont plains of Baluchistan province in northwestern Pakistan are under serious threat of flooding in the summer of 2022. The urgency and severity of climate change's impact on humanity are underscored by the significant threats posed to human life and property in Piedmont Plains environments through extreme flood events, which has garnered widespread concerns.

Modeling and analysis of explicit dynamics of foot landing.

The research aims to investigate the mechanical response of footfalls at different velocities to understand the mechanism of heel injury and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of heel fractures. A three-dimensional solid model of foot drop was constructed using anatomical structures segmented from medical CT scans, including bone, cartilage, ligaments, plantar fascia, and soft tissues, and the impact velocities of the foot were set to be 2 m/s, 4 m/s, 6 m/s, 8 m/s, and 10 m/s. Explicit kinetic analysis methods were used to investigate the mechanical response of the foot landing with different speeds to explore the damage mechanism of heel bone at different impact velocities.

Connecting genomic results for psychiatric disorders to human brain cell types and regions reveals convergence with functional connectivity.

Identifying cell types and brain regions critical for psychiatric disorders and brain traits is essential for targeted neurobiological research. By integrating genomic insights from genome-wide association studies with a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult human brain, we prioritized specific neuronal clusters significantly enriched for the SNP-heritabilities for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder along with intelligence, education, and neuroticism. Extrapolation of cell-type results to brain regions reveals the whole-brain impact of schizophrenia genetic risk, with subregions in the hippocampus and amygdala exhibiting the most significant enrichment of SNP-heritability.

Downregulation of serum miR-30c-5p serves as a biomarker to predict disease onset and short-term prognosis in acute coronary syndrome patients.

Background & Objective: Timely intervention for Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could effectively reduce the mortality rate of ACS patients. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of miR-30c-5p for ACS and to provide a convenient biomarker for diagnosing of ACS.

Methods: Baseline information was collected from a total of 173 subjects (98 ACS subjects and 65 healthy subjects).

Two types of cannulated screw fixation based on Letenneur classification for the treatment of Hoffa fracture: A finite element analysis.

Purpose: A finite element analysis was performed to simulate the biomechanical differences between anterior-posterior (AP) direction and posterior-anterior (PA) direction placement of two cannulated screws in Hoffa fractures.

Methods: Computed tomography images of an healthy male volunteer were used to simulate Letenneur Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅱc, Ⅲ Hoffa fractures, and two groups of screw internal fixation models were constructed. Two 6.

Design and implication of a breast cancer-targeted drug delivery system utilizing the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system.

Kisspeptins function as endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. While the primary role of the Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway pertains to reproduction, several studies have shown that GPR54 is highly expressed in breast cancer, and we further confirmed this result that GPR54 expression is significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells. Based on this finding, we developed a liposomal drug delivery system utilizing the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system to treat breast cancer after confirming the safety of Kp-10-228.

Malaysia outbreak survivors retain detectable Nipah antibodies and memory B cells after 25 years.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term humoral immune response to Nipah virus (NiV) in a cohort of 25 survivors after 25 years of post-infection.

Methods: A total of 25 survivors of NiV infection from the 1998 outbreak were recruited for sample collection. The serum IgG antibody response to NiV antigens, specifically nucleocapsid (N), fusion glycoprotein (F) and attachment glycoprotein (G) was evaluated using ELISA.