The Mediating Roles of Lung Function Traits and Inflammatory Factors on the Associations between Measures of Obesity and Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Identifying mediators between obesity-related traits and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) would inform preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of LRITs. We aimed to recognize whether lung function and inflammatory factors mediate their associations.

Methods: We conducted a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Mortality risk and burden of aortic aneurysm and dissection attributable to low temperatures: A nationwide case-crossover analysis in Brazil, a predominantly tropical country.

Background: Low temperatures are adverse contributors to cardiovascular diseases, but the associations between short-term exposure to cold and the risk of death from aortic dissection and aneurysm remain unclear, particularly in tropical regions.

Objective: This study was conducted based on 123,951 records of deaths caused by aortic dissection and aneurysms extracted from the national Mortality Information System in Brazil between 2000 and 2019.

Methods: Relative risks and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the aortic-related deaths associated with low ambient temperatures were estimated using the conditional logistic model combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model.

Joint effects of air pollution and genetic susceptibility on incident primary open-angle glaucoma.

Background: Air pollutants are important exogenous stimulants to eye diseases, but knowledge of associations between long-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is limited. This study aimed to determine whether long-term exposure to air pollutants, genetic susceptibility, and their joint effects lead to an elevated risk of incident POAG.

Methods: This is a population-based prospective cohort study from UK Biobank participants with complete measures of air pollution exposure and polygenetic risk scores.

The Association of Malnutrition and Health-Related Factors among 474,467 Older Community-Dwellers: A Population-Based Data Mining Study in Guangzhou, China.

Background: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition in older community-dwellers and explore the interaction between associated factors.

Methods: A total of 474,467 older community-dwellers aged 65 or above were selected in Guangzhou, China. We used a two-step methodology to detect the associated factors of malnutrition and constructed logistic regression models to explore the influencing factors and interactive effects on three patterns of malnutrition.

Rising trend and regional disparities of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient low temperature, 1990-2019: An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Background: Previous studies on the effect of global warming on the global burden of disease have mainly focussed on the impact of high temperatures, thereby providing limited evidence of the effect of lower temperatures.

Methods: We adopted a three-stage analysis approach using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. First, we explored the global burden of disease attributable to low temperatures, examining variations by gender, age, cause, region, and country.

A novel correction method for modelling parameter-driven autocorrelated time series with count outcome.

Background: Count time series (e.g., daily deaths) are a very common type of data in environmental health research.

Association between ambient temperature and mammalian-related injuries in Guangzhou, China, 2014-2019.

Background: Meteorological factors are associated with various health outcomes. However, it remains uncertain whether ambient temperature affects animal aggressive behaviors and causes mammalian-related injuries (MRI) in humans. The study aimed to examine the effect of daily mean temperature on MRI in Guangzhou, China.

The Effectiveness of National Expanded Program on Immunization With Hepatitis A Vaccines in the Chinese Mainland: Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.

Background: The high prevalence of hepatitis A delivered a blow to public health decades ago. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis including hepatitis A by 2030. In 2008, hepatitis A vaccines were integrated into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China to alleviate the burden of hepatitis A, although the effectiveness of the EPI has not been well investigated.

Effects of meteorological factors on influenza transmissibility by virus type/subtype.

Background: Quantitative evidence on the impact of meteorological factors on influenza transmissibility across different virus types/subtypes is scarce, and no previous studies have reported the effect of hourly temperature variability (HTV) on influenza transmissibility. Herein, we explored the associations between meteorological factors and influenza transmissibility according to the influenza type and subtype in Guangzhou, a subtropical city in China.

Methods: We collected influenza surveillance and meteorological data of Guangzhou between October 2010 and December 2019.

Haze weather and mortality in China from 2014 to 2020: Definitions, vulnerability, and effect modification by haze characteristics.

Haze weather, characterized by low visibility due to severe air pollution, has aroused great public concern. However, haze definitions are inconclusive, and multicentre studies on the health impacts of haze are scarce. We collected data on the daily number of deaths and environmental factors in 190 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2020.

Differences in the attitudes towards resuscitation of extremely premature infants between neonatologists and obstetricians: a survey study in China.

Objectives: Neonatologists and obstetricians are crucial decision-makers regarding the resuscitation of extremely preterm infants (EPIs). However, there is a scarcity of research regarding the differing perspectives on EPI resuscitation between these medical professionals. We aim to determine the differences and influential factors of their attitudes towards EPIs resuscitation in China.

A Novel Clinical Tool to Detect Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease with high morbidity and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Screening potential severe OSA patients will improve the quality of patient management and prognosis, while the accuracy and feasibility of existing screening tools are not so satisfactory. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a well-feasible clinical predictive model for screening potential severe OSA patients.

Use of Virus Genotypes in Machine Learning Diagnostic Prediction Models for Cervical Cancer in Women With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection.

Importance: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is recognized as an etiologic agent for cervical cancer, and hrHPV DNA testing is recommended as the preferred method of cervical cancer screening in recent World Health Organization guidelines. Cervical cancer prediction models may be useful for screening and monitoring, particularly in low-resource settings with unavailable cytological and colposcopic examination results, but previous studies did not include women infected with hrHPV.

Objectives: To develop and validate a cervical cancer prediction model that includes women positive for hrHPV infection and examine whether the inclusion of HPV genotypes improves the cervical cancer prediction ability.

Short-term effects of individual exposure to PM on hospital admissions for myocardial infarction and stroke: a population-based case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China.

Some studies have investigated the effects of PM on cardiovascular diseases based on the population-average exposure data from several monitoring stations. No one has explored the short-term effect of PM on cardiovascular hospitalizations using individual-level exposure data. We assessed the short-term effects of individual exposure to PM on hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in Guangzhou, China, during 2014-2019.

Impact of urbanization on morbidity of hepatitis A: a national panel study in China during 2005-2018.

Background: The effect of urbanization on the morbidity of hepatitis A remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the association between various urbanization-related indices and hepatitis A morbidity in China.

Methods: Data on the annual morbidity of hepatitis A, urbanization-related measures (i.

Influenza-Associated Excess Mortality by Age, Sex, and Subtype/Lineage: Population-Based Time-Series Study With a Distributed-Lag Nonlinear Model.

Background: Accurate estimation of the influenza death burden is of great significance for influenza prevention and control. However, few studies have considered the short-term harvesting effects of influenza on mortality when estimating influenza-associated excess deaths by cause of death, age, sex, and subtype/lineage.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the cause-, age-, and sex-specific excess mortality associated with influenza and its subtypes and lineages in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2018.

Influence of air pollution on influenza-like illness in China: a nationwide time-series analysis.

Background: Evidence concerning effects of air pollution on influenza-like illness (ILI) from multi-center is limited and little is known about how regional factors might modify this relationship.

Methods: In this ecological study, ILI cases defined as outpatients with temperature ≥38 °C, accompanied by cough or sore throat, were collected from National Influenza Surveillance Network in China. We adopted generalized additive model with quasi-Poisson to estimate province-specific association between air pollution and ILI in 30 Chinese provinces during 2015-2019, after adjusting for time trend and meteorological factors.

The Risk Factors for Cervical Cytological Abnormalities Among Women Infected With Non-16/18 High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is a necessary cause of almost all cervical cancers. Relative to hrHPV 16/18 infection, non-16/18 hrHPV infection is of less concern. However, the increasing prevalence of non-16/18 hrHPV infections has become an important public health issue.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported acute infectious diseases in Guangzhou, China, 2005-2019.

Background: The global spread of infectious diseases is currently a prominent threat to public health, with the accelerating pace of globalization and frequent international personnel intercourse. The present study examined the epidemiological characteristics of overseas imported cases of acute infectious diseases in Guangzhou, China.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the distribution of diseases, demographic characteristics, and temporal and spatial variations of imported cases of acute infectious diseases in Guangzhou based on the surveillance data of notifiable infectious diseases from 2005 to 2019, provided by Guangzhou center for Disease Control and Prevention.

A Multi-Age-Group Interrupted Time-Series Study for Evaluating the Effectiveness of National Expanded Program on Immunization on Mumps.

The national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China has covered vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella, among children aged 18-24 months since September 2008. However, no previous studies have quantified the effectiveness of the EPI on mumps incidence. There are methodological challenges in assessing the effect of an intervention that targets a subpopulation but finally influences the whole population.

The use of generalized synthetic control method to evaluate air pollution control measures of G20 Hangzhou Summit.

The traditional campaign-style enforcement in environmental governance has been debated whether its rebound effect is likely to eat away the short-term environmental benefits and subsequently bring about severer pollution. There are methodological challenges in assessing the effect of temporary environmental intervention. By applying the generalized synthetic control method (GSCM), we quantified and characterized the effectiveness of environmental regulations implemented for the G20 Hangzhou Summit held on 4-5 September, 2016.

Sex Difference Trend in 5-Year Mortality Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A 24,432 Chinese Cohort Study From 2007 to 2014.

Background: The sex difference trend of short-term mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) is narrowing, which has been reported in the previous studies. However, no studies assess the sex difference temporal trends of CAD mortality in China especially long-term mortality trend.

Methods: Based on the registry at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital which is the largest cardiovascular center in South China, this retrospective cohort study included 24,432 hospitalized patients with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography from January 2007 to December 2014.

Transmission and containment of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern in Guangzhou, China: A population-based study.

Background: The first community transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant of concern (VOC) in Guangzhou, China occurred between May and June 2021. Herein, we describe the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak and evaluate the implemented containment measures against this outbreak.

Methodology/principal Findings: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention provided the data on SARS-CoV-2 infections reported between 21 May and 24 June 2021.