SGLT2i relieve proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients potentially by inhibiting renal oxidative stress rather than through AGEs pathway.

Aims: To estimate the effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on proteinuria and oxidative stress expression in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials And Methods: 68 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups according urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), including T2DM with non-albuminuria group (UACR < 30 mg/g), T2DM with microalbuminuria group (30 ≤ UACR ≤ 300 mg/g), T2DM with macroalbuminuria group (UACR>300 mg/g). They all received SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) treatment for 12 weeks.

SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate nephrin loss and enhance TGF-β secretion in type 2 diabetes patients with albuminuria: a randomized clinical trial.

To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on albuminuria, nephrin (NPH) and transforming-growth-factor-beta (TGF-β1) levels in urine and low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. A randomized, blank-controlled clinical trial included 68 T2D patients and 10 controls. Based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), 68 diabetic patients were stratified into three levels, UACR < 30 mg/g, UACR ≧ 30 mg/g to ≦ 300 mg/g and UACR ˃ 300 mg/g, who were randomized (1:1:1) to receive SGLT2i treatment for 12 weeks.