Successful replantation of amputated facial tissues by supermicrosurgery.

Background: Although replantation of amputated facial segments remains challenging in reconstructive surgery, it offers excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Methods: From May 2004 to October 2019, 12 patients underwent replantation of amputated facial tissues by supermicrosurgery. The case details, such as the rationale for replantation, the operation method, and postoperative therapy, are described.

Recent Progress in the Construction of Functional Artificial Bone by Cytokine-Controlled Strategies.

Objective: Combining artificial scaffolds with stimulatory factors to reconstruct lost bone tissues is one of the hottest research directions. The purpose of this review was to conduct a retrospective survey on the latest reports on artificial bone fabrication with functional cytokines.

Data Sources: The status of related scientific research from the year 2005 to 2018 was analyzed through the mode of literature retrieval in PubMed and VIP Database.

[Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C polymorphisms with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate].

Objective: To investigate the association between a polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase with Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Chinese population.

Methods: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used to detect a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1801131, at the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in both 158 patients with NSCL/P and 192 healthy individuals. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotypic distributions was estimated by the goodness-of-fit test.

An experimental study of artificial murine bladder reflex arc established by abdominal reflex.

Background: The neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury is difficult to treat clinically. The aim of this research was to establish an artificial bladder reflex arc in rats through abdominal reflex pathway above the level of spinal cord injury, reinnervate the neurogenic bladder and restore bladder micturition.

Methods: The outcome was achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the right T13 ventral root to S2 ventral root with autogenous nerve grafting, leaving the right T13 dorsal root intact.

A thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel barrier for post-operative adhesions' prevention.

Post-operative peritoneal adhesions are common and serious complications for surgeons. They can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and potentially lethal bowel obstruction. We synthesized injectable hydrogels that formed by chemical modification through grafted hydrobutyl groups to chitosan chains.

Staggered rhizotomy of anterior and posterior sacral roots for bladder reservoir function in spinal cord injury: a canine experimental study and preliminary clinical report.

Objective: To report an experimental study and preliminary clinical results of staggered anterior and posterior sacral rhizotomy for restoring function of the bladder and preventing reflex incontinence in supra-conal spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Ten T10 spinal cord transected mongrel dogs were divided into three groups. In group 1 (n= 2), laminectomy only was performed (control).

An overview of skin flap surgery in the mainland China: 20 years' achievements (1981 to 2000).

Microsurgical anatomy and clinical applications have been widely and extensively practiced throughout the mainland of China since late 1970s. During the 1980s to 1990s, Chinese surgeons and anatomists developed many new flap donor sites and modifications, most of which were published in Chinese literature. These achievements were not fully realized by the Western surgeons.

Reconstructed bladder innervation below the level of spinal cord injury: the knee-tendon to bladder artificial reflex arc.

Background/objective: To study the effectiveness of knee-tendon to bladder artificial reflex arc in dogs.

Methods: In 6 beagles, the proximal end of the right L5 anterior motor root and the distal end of the right S2 anterior root were anastomosed to build a knee-tendon to bladder reflex, whereas the right L5 posterior sensory root was kept intact. Action potential (AP) curves and electromyograms (EMGs) of the detrusor muscle, the intravesical pressure, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled neurons, and the passing rates of myelinic nerve fibers were calculated to evaluate its feasibility.

[Early open reduction of acute incarceratied metacarpophalangeal dislocation].

Objective: To explore the mechanism and the treatment of acute incarcerated metacarpophalangeal dislocation.

Methods: Seven patients (6 male and 1 female) with acute incarcerated metacarpophalangeal dislocation admitted from 1997 to 2006 were studied retrospectively. The age ranged from 8 to 33 years(mean 17 years).

[Clinical observations of the effects on the lower limb function after lumbar or sacral nerve root transferring to reconstruct urination function].

Objective: To observe the effects on the lower limbs function after lumbar or sacral nerve root transferring to reconstruct urination function.

Methods: Nine patients with bladder dysfunction and normal lower limb function after spinal cord injury were treated with anastomosis the S2 or S3 nerve root with the normal lumbar or sacral nerve root to reconstruct a new bladder artificial reflex arc. Then the alterations on the sensation and motor function of the lower limb after the surgery were observed.

Reconstruction of reflex pathways to the atonic bladder after conus medullaris injury: preliminary clinical results.

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction following spinal cord injury is a major medical and social problem for which there is no ideal treatment strategy. In this study, spinal root anastomoses were performed in 10 paraplegic patients with traumatic lesions of the conus medullaris, in an attempt to reinnervate the paralyzed bladder. For the operation, the functional T11 ventral root (VR) above the lesion was transected and anastomosed to the S2 ventral roots unilaterally through a nerve graft.

Intraocular pressure and endothelium cell counts after cataract surgery with chitosan and sodium hyaluronate (Healon GV): 3-year follow-up results of a randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of chitosan 0.1% and sodium hyaluronate 1.4% (Healon GV(R); Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA, USA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and endothelial cell loss.

Repair of brachial plexus lower trunk injury by transferring brachialis muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve: anatomic feasibility and clinical trials.

Background: There are few effective methods for treating injuries to the lower trunk of brachial plexus, and the curative effect is usually poor. The purpose of this study was to provide anatomic references for transferring the brachialis muscle branch of musculocutaneous nerve (BMBMCN) for selective neurotization of finger flexion in brachial plexus lower trunk injury, and to evaluate its clinical curative effects.

Methods: Microanatomy and measurement were done on 50 limbs from 25 adult human cadavers to observe the origin, branch, type of the BMBMCN and median nerve, as well as their adjacent structures.

[Influence of sterilization treatments on continuous carbon-fiber reinforced polyolefin composite].

Objective: To evaluate the influence of sterilization treatment on continuous carbon-fiber reinforced polyolefin composite (CFRP) so as to provide experimental reference for selection of sterilization method for CFRP.

Methods: Seventy bars of CFRP were divided into 7 equal groups to undergo sterilization by autoclave, 2% glutaraldehyde soaking, 75% alcohol soaking, ethylene oxide sterilization, and Co-60 gamma ray irradiation of the dosages 11 kGy, 25 kGy, and 18 kGy respectively, and another 10 bars were used as blank controls. Then the bars underwent three-point bending test and longitudinal compression test so as to measure the biomechanical changes after sterilization treatment, including the maximum load, ultimate strength, and elastic modulus.

Lateral retromalleolar perforator-based flap: anatomical study and preliminary clinical report for heel coverage.

Background: Repair of heel soft-tissue defects remains a challenging problem in reconstructive surgery. The distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap is among the flaps of choice for coverage of this difficult region. The authors describe a modified lateral retromalleolar perforator-based neurocutaneous flap with a lower pivot point.

Restoration of shoulder abduction by transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve through dorsal approach: a clinical study.

Background: In recent years, transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve has become a routine procedure for restoration of shoulder abduction. However, the operation via the traditional supraclavicular anterior approach often leads to partial denervation of the trapezius muscle. The purpose of the study was to introduce transfer of the spinal accessory nerve through dorsal approach, using distal branch of the spinal accessory nerve, to repair the suprascapular nerve for restoration of shoulder abduction, and to observe its therapeutic effect.

Sacral anterior root stimulated defecation in spinal cord injuries: an experimental study in canine model.

Aim: To investigate whether there was a dominant sacral root for the motive function of rectum and anal sphincter, and to provide an experimental basis for sacral root electrically stimulated defecation in spinal cord injuries.

Methods: Eleven spinal cord injured mongrel dogs were included in the study. After L4-L7 laminectomy, the bilateral L7-S3 roots were electrostimulated separately and rectal and sphincter pressure were recorded synchronously.

Modified distally based peroneal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of foot and ankle.

The distally based sural fasciocutaneous flap has been used widely for reconstruction of foot and ankle soft-tissue defects. Here we report on a series of cases of foot and ankle reconstruction with a modified distally based sural flap. The vascular pedicle of the flap includes an axial perforator branch of the peroneal artery and two concomitant veins.

[Comparison of plate and Kirschner wire fixation in treatment of clavicular nonunion].

Objective: To compare the results of plate and Kirschner wire fixation in treatment of nonunion of clavicular fracture.

Methods: From September 1991 to January 2002, 19 patients (9 with plate and 10 with Kirschner wire) were treated. The results were evaluated by reduction, bone union time, recovery of joint function, pain, and correction of deformation.

Distally based radial forearm flap with preservation of the radial artery: anatomic, experimental, and clinical studies.

In this article we report on the anatomical, experimental, and clinical investigations of the distally adipofascial pedicled radial forearm flap based on the small perforators around the radial styloid process. There are about 10 small perforators (0.3-0.

Use of a self-designed bladder controller for restoring bladder function in paraplegic dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the results of a self-designed bladder controller for restoring micturition function in paraplegic dogs.

Methods: The spinal cords of 4 dogs were transected above the cone. Electrodes were implanted in S2 bilaterally and connected to the subcutaneous receivers for external activation.

[Experimental study on preparing chitosan-collagen matrix and subcutaneous implantation].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of the chitosan-collagen membrane (CCM) as a dermal substitute.

Methods: Fresh bovine tendo calcaneus collagen was dispersed in 0.5 mol/L acetic acid, co-precipitated with chitosan and lyophilized.

[Experimental study on bacteriostasis of chitosan and sodium hyaluronate].

Objective: To compare the effect and coverage of bacteriostasis of chitosan and sodium hyaluronate.

Methods: Each of the five bacteria, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, was cultivated for 33 tubes of broth culture. Leaving three tubes each group as control group, ploidy diluted concentration of high relative molecular weight chitosan, low relative molecular weight chitosan and sodium hyaluronate were added respectively in the broth culture.