Deciphering pathological behavior of pediatric medullary thyroid cancer from single-cell perspective.

Background: Pediatric medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is one of the rare pediatric endocrine neoplasms. Derived from C cells of thyroid glands, MTC is more aggressive and more prompt to metastasis than other types of pediatric thyroid cancer. The mechanism remains unclear.

The Cellular and Molecular Landscape of Synchronous Pediatric Sialoblastoma and Hepatoblastoma.

Sialoblastoma (SBL) is an infrequent embryonal malignant tumor originating from the salivary gland, resembling primitive salivary gland anlage, whereas hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy. The simultaneous occurrence of both tumors is extremely rare. Here we reported a case of a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with synchronous SBL and HB.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals the heterogeneity in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most typical type of rhabdomyosarcoma. The heterogeneity, etiology, and origin of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma remain unknown.After obtaining the gene expression data of every cell in the tumor tissue by single-cell RNA sequencing, we used the Seurat package in R studio for quality control, analysis, and exploration of the data.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling identifies a cluster of potential metastasis-associated UBE2C+ cells in immature ovarian teratoma.

To dissect the disease heterogeneity and identify the underlying cellular and molecular events related to metastasis of immature ovarian teratoma in children, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed for a 2-year-old patient with liver metastases from immature ovarian teratoma. A total of 5976 cells were obtained for further analysis, with a median unique molecular identifier count of 6011 per cell and a median number of 1741 genes detected per cell. Fourteen clusters were recognized, with the main lineages comprising epithelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, glial cells, and dendritic cells.

Upregulation of High Mobility Group Box 1 May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Biliary Atresia.

Introduction:  Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive inflammatory obstructive cholangiopathy in infants. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known to play an important role as a late mediator of inflammation. However, it is not clear whether HMGB1 levels are of clinical significance in patients with BA.