Applying the total carbon-black carbon approach method to investigate the characteristics of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in ambient PM in northern Taiwan.

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) comprises a diverse array of carbonaceous species, and the impact of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) extends to both long-term and short-term effects on human health and the environment. Understanding the distinctive composition of CA is crucial for gaining insights into the origins of airborne particulate matter. Due to their diverse physicochemical properties and intricate heterogeneous reactions, CA often exhibits temporal and spatial variations.