[Clincopathological analysis of 171 patients with osteochondroma and malignant transformation in maxillofacial bone].

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of osteochondroma in maxillofacial region, and to summarize the clinicopathological features of rare osteochondroma malignant transformation in order to provide clinical guidance.

Methods: From January 2018 to September 2023, a total of 171 patients with osteochondroma were retrospectively collected in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Their preoperative CT and clinicopathological features were analyzed.

Roles of fibroblast growth factors in the treatment of diabetes.

Diabetes affects about 422 million people worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths each year. However, the incidence of diabetes is increasing, including several types of diabetes.

Interleukins in liver disease treatment.

Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukins (ILs), a large group of cytokines, can be divided into seven families, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17 families. Here, we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases, such as liver inflammation (, IL-35), alcohol-related liver disease (, IL-11), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (, IL-22), liver fibrosis (, Il-17a), and liver cancer (, IL-8).

Anti-oxidative stress treatment and current clinical trials.

Oxidative stress disturbs the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the detoxification biological process. It plays an important role in the development and progression of many chronic diseases. Upon exposure to oxidative stress or the inducers of ROS, the cellular nucleus undergoes some biological processes different signaling pathways, such as stress adaption through the forkhead box O signaling pathway, inflammatory response through the IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, hypoxic response the hypoxia-inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins pathway, DNA repair or apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway, and antioxidant response through the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway.

Treatment of liver fibrosis: Past, current, and future.

Liver fibrosis accompanies the progression of chronic liver diseases independent of etiologies, such as hepatitis viral infection, alcohol consumption, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. It is commonly associated with liver injury, inflammation, and cell death. Liver fibrosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix components that are expressed by liver myofibroblasts such as collagens and alpha-smooth actin proteins.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD.

Clinical diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer: Markers, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third-leading cause of cancer deaths. The overall 5-year survival rate of PC is 9%, and this rate for metastatic PC is below 3%. However, the PC-induced death cases will increase about 2-fold by 2060.

Nutrition deprivation affects the cytotoxic effect of CD8 T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Factors including carcinogens, infection of hepatitis viruses, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mainly contribute to HCC initiation and progression. Immunotherapy is one of the most powerful tools for unresectable HCC treatment in patients.

Crosstalk between gut microbiota and COVID-19 impacts pancreatic cancer progression.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated death worldwide, with a low rate of 5-year survival. Currently, the pathogenesis of PC is complicated, with no efficient therapy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 further exacerbates the challenge of patients with PC.

Regulatory T cells and their associated factors in hepatocellular carcinoma development and therapy.

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with primary type hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Factors, including carcinogens, infection of hepatitis viruses, alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can induce HCC initiation and promote HCC progression. The prevalence of NAFLD accompanying the increased incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes becomes the most increasing factor causing HCC worldwide.

Important role of acute care surgery during pandemic time.

Pandemic impacts acute care surgery for diseases, such as gallbladder disease and acute appendicitis. At the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the case number of patients needing surgery decreased in hospitals from different countries. This decline was associated with the stay-home order and fear of getting COVID-19 infection.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma in children and young adults: A clinicopathological study of 12 cases.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunoprofile, and molecular alterations of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in children and young adults.

Materials And Methods: Twelve cases of ACC were included. MYB, MYBL1, Ki-67, type IV Collagen, Laminin, and LAMB1 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry.

Functions of three ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis.

Background: Liver cancer ranks the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The survival time for HCC patients is very limited by years due to the lack of efficient treatment, failure of early diagnosis, and poor prognosis.

Analysis of Immunological Characteristics and Genomic Alterations in HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on PD-L1 Expression.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression has been approved as an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response predictive biomarker; however, the clinicopathological and molecular features of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [HPV(+)OPSCC] based on PD-L1 expression are not well studied. We aimed to characterize clinicopathological, tumor immune microenvironmental, and molecular features of HPV(+)OPSCC with different PD-L1 expression scored by combined positive score (CPS). A total of 112 cases were collected from 2008-2021 and received PD-L1 and CD8 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: An update.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma accounts for the primary type of pancreatic cancer (PC) with a 5-year survival rate of only about 10% in the United States. Early diagnosis will improve chances for curative treatment. To date, a broadly used serum marker for PC diagnosis is carbohydrate antigen 19-9, which is the only approved biomarker currently by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy: A Clinicopathological and V600E Mutation Study of 11 Cases.

Purpose: To investigate the clinicopathological features and V600E mutation of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI).

Materials And Methods: Eleven cases of MNTI diagnosed at the Department of Oral Pathology were collected. Clinicopathological characteristics were obtained from the medical records.

G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad-spectrum disease, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation is the major manifestation of this disease, and lipotoxicity promotes NAFLD progression. In addition, intermediate metabolites such as succinate can stimulate the activation of hepatic stellate cells to produce extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in progression of NAFLD to fibrosis and even cirrhosis.

[Construction of clinical practice system of oral pathology for long-term program students in stomatology].

Purpose: To construct clinical practice system, making up for the shortcomings in the instructional framework of oral histology and pathology, promoting the integration of theory and clinical practice, and enhancing teaching quality of long-term students of stomatology.

Methods: Laying down clinical practice plans and formulating technical operation criteria for pathological experiments, constructing a complete database and training high-level teachers, and evaluating through the following three aspects: practice assessment, teacher-student symposium and questionnaire survey.

Results: After completing the clinical practice, the students got the average score of 89.

Primary pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma of right maxilla: a case with immunohistochemistry and FOSB rearrangement study.

Objective: Primary pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) of bone is an extremely rare vascular neoplasm. We present here a case of primary PMH occurring in the maxilla.

Study Design: A 34-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment because of possible recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy of a right maxillary malignant tumor.

Ameloblastoma with mucous cells: A clinicopathological, BRAF mutation, and MAML2 rearrangement study.

Objectives: To investigate the clinicopathological features, BRAF V600E mutation, and MAML2 rearrangement of ameloblastoma with mucous cell differentiation.

Materials And Methods: Five cases of ameloblastoma with mucous cell differentiation were retrospectively studied. Clinicopathological features, BRAF V600E mutation, and MAML2 rearrangement were analyzed.

Efficacy of fluoxetine for anorexia nervosa caused by chemotherapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Fluoxetine has been reported to treat anorexia nervosa (AN) caused by chemotherapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma effectively. However, no study systematically investigated its efficacy and safety. Thus, this study will systematically assess its efficacy and safety for AN caused by chemotherapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

In Vitro Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase Leads to Poor Pharmacokinetic Profile in Rats for c-Met Inhibitor MET401.

Background And Objectives: MET401 is a potent and selective c-Met inhibitor with a novel triazolopyrimidine scaffold. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of MET401 in preclinical species, and to identify the metabolic soft spot and enzyme involved, in order to help medicinal chemists to modify the compound to improve the pharmacokinetic profile.

Methods: A metabolite identification study was performed in different liver fractions from various species.

The MYB/miR-130a/NDRG2 axis modulates tumor proliferation and metastatic potential in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Increasing evidence has emerged to suggest that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) dysregulation participates in a number of tumor biological processes. However, the role of NDRG2 and miRNA-mediated NDRG2 regulation in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) progression remain unknown. Here, we determined that SACC tissues exhibited decreased level of NDRG2, which was associated with poorer rates of overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival.

Prognostic nomogram for disease-specific survival of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland.

Background: The purpose of this study was to establish an effective prognostic nomogram for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-ex-PA) of the salivary gland.

Methods: The nomogram was based on a retrospective study on 223 patients who underwent surgical operation for Ca-ex-PA from 2001 to 2010. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve.