The impact of sleep restriction on cerebrovascular reactivity and cognitive outcomes in healthy adolescents: A pilot crossover trial.

Background: The underlying mechanism for the association between sleep restriction (SR) and unfavorable cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the effect of 5-night experimental SR on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive function in adolescents.

Methods: This randomized crossover study compared two sleep conditions, SR and Control Sleep (CS) in a home setting.

Ferritin is a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in adolescents and young adults with sleep-disordered breathing.

Objective: To explore markers that reflect sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity and investigate their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults.

Methods: Participants were recruited from our SDB epidemiological cohort. They underwent overnight polysomnography and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring.

Applicability of the Global Lung Function Initiative prediction equations in Hong Kong Chinese children.

Background And Objective: This study aimed to assess the applicability of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) prediction equations for spirometry in Hong Kong children and to develop prediction equations based on the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) modeling.

Methods: Healthy Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old were recruited from randomly selected schools to undergo spirometry. The measurements were transformed to z-score according to the GLI-2012 equations for South East (SE) Asians and the GLI-2022 global race-neutral equations.

Poor sleep quality and its associated neurocognitive function in children with obesity with or without obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of OSA severity, snoring symptoms, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness with executive functioning and behaviors in children with obesity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 8-18 years with obesity and symptoms suggestive of OSA. All participants underwent an overnight polysomnography and completed a set of questionnaires to assess their sleep-related breathing disordered (SRBD) symptoms [Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (SRBD-PSQ)], sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)], executive function [Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)], and inattention and hyperactivity symptoms (Conners-3 Parent Short Form).

Effect of surgical intervention for childhood OSA on blood pressure: A randomized controlled study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of surgical intervention on 24-h ABP in children with OSA. It was hypothesized that blood pressure would improve following adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: This was a two-centered investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Pulmonary function in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and its associations with iron overload.

In patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT), pulmonary function impairment has been reported but data are conflicting. Moreover, it remains unclear whether pulmonary dysfunction is associated with iron overload. This study aimed to evaluate the pulmonary function in patients with TDT and to investigate the associations between pulmonary dysfunction and iron overload.

Craniofacial phenotyping by photogrammetry in Chinese prepubertal children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to examine the craniofacial phenotype of Chinese prepubertal children with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a quantitative photographic analysis technique and to develop a prediction model for OSA diagnosis based on the photogrammetric data. Potential ethnic differences in the association between OSA and photogrammetric data between Chinese and Caucasian children were also examined.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Validation of the Sonographic Measurement of Lateral Parapharyngeal Wall Thickness in Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Lateral parapharyngeal wall (LPW) thickness is a potentially useful anatomical marker of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Measuring LPW thickness by ultrasonography (USG) is technically feasible but its use in children has not been validated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the intra- and inter-operator reliability of the sonographic measurements of LPW thickness in children and to assess its validity against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements.

Inferior endothelial function improved following optimisation of asthma control in children.

Association between asthma control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains highly plausible as the two are related to chronic systemic inflammation. Children with physician-diagnosed asthma and matched healthy controls underwent endothelial function assessment. Repeat measurements were performed in uncontrolled asthmatics after initiation or up-titration of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), compared to those with well-controlled asthma without ICS therapy.

Level of urinary catecholamine in children with Sleep Disordered Breathing: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the levels of different urinary catecholamines amongst paediatric patients with and without sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: Literature searches were conducted on PubMed and EMBASE until 25/06/2022. Inclusion criteria were original human studies, English language, paediatric subjects diagnosed with SDB/obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

The impact of sleep-corrected social jetlag on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 4787 adolescents (Mean age: 14.83±1.

Blood pressure and childhood obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an established risk factor for high blood pressure (BP) in adults. However, it remains unclear whether the same association could be found in children and adolescents. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the associations between childhood OSA and BP outcomes.

Monthly Motivational Interview Counseling and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Parents of Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Parental smoking is the dominant source of passive smoke exposure in the pediatric population. The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component smoking reduction intervention in parental smoking reduction and children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure reduction in clinical settings.

Methods: A single-blinded, 6-month randomized controlled trial recruited smoking parents ( = 210) of children who attended the pediatric wards or clinics at the Prince of Wales Hospital.

Sleep Complaints Among School Children.

Sleep complaints are common among children. These include both night-time and daytime symptoms, such as trouble falling asleep, problems in maintaining sleep, snoring, and unusual events during sleep and daytime functioning impairment. However, sleep complaints in children are often overlooked and undertreated in clinical practice.

Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, and Children's Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children ranks one of the major public health problems in our time. Poor parental knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on ETS often contribute to worse exposure of the kids. Thus, we aimed to document parental KAP regarding tobacco use, smoking cessation and children's ETS exposure, and to analyse how knowledge and attitude relate to practice.

Natural History of REM-OSA in Children and Its Associations with Adverse Blood Pressure Outcomes: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.

Purpose: Most respiratory events in childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) take place during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and natural history of childhood REM-OSA and to evaluate the associations between OSA subtypes and blood pressure (BP) outcomes.

Participants And Methods: This was a prospective 10-year follow-up study of a cohort established for a childhood OSA epidemiologic study.

Reduced tongue mobility: an unrecognized risk factor of childhood obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an important and prevalent disease. A short lingual frenulum is a risk factor for OSA, but whether tongue mobility also plays a role in OSA etiology remains unknown. This study aimed to examine tongue mobility in children with and without OSA.

Cardiovascular risks of children with primary snoring: A 5-year follow-up study.

Background And Objective: This study aimed to investigate if childhood primary snoring (PS) was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes at 5-year follow-up.

Methods: This was a prospective matched cohort study. Subjects were recruited from a hospital-based cohort established from years 2006 to 2012 and they were aged 6-18 years at baseline.

Effect of surgical intervention for mild childhood obstructive sleep apnoea on attention and behavioural outcomes: A randomized controlled study.

Background And Objective: We evaluated inattention and behavioural outcomes following surgery versus watchful waiting (WW) in school-aged children with mild obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was performed in pre-pubertal children aged 6-11 years with polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed mild OSA. They were assigned randomly to early surgical intervention (ES) or WW.

Sleep duration in preschool children and impact of screen time.

Objectives: To evaluate sleep duration in a representative sample of preschoolers and examine the relationships between screen time and use of different electronic media devices with sleep duration and social jetlag.

Methods: 2903 preschoolers were included. Parent-completed questionnaire provided information on socioeconomic status, electronic media use of the children and sleep patterns of both parents and children.

Intermediate phenotypes of childhood obstructive sleep apnea.

An intermediate phenotype of a disease is a trait in the path of pathogenesis from genetic predisposition to disease manifestation. Identifying intermediate phenotypes with high heritability is helpful in delineating the genetics of a disorder. In this study, we aimed to examine various traits with regards to obesity, cardiovascular risk and upper airway structure to identify potential intermediate phenotypes of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Childhood OSA is an independent determinant of blood pressure in adulthood: longitudinal follow-up study.

Background: Current literature supports cross-sectional association between childhood obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and elevated blood pressure (BP). However, long-term cardiovascular outcomes in children with OSA remain unexplored.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of childhood OSA with BP parameters in a prospective 10 year follow-up study.