A Rare Ocular Manifestation of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) is a rare form of thickening of the dura mater. There are limited reports on the ocular manifestation of IHCP and its treatment. Up to our knowledge, there is no report on bilateral superior ophthalmic veins (SOV) dilatation with IHCP and there are only a few reports on anterior scleritis with IHCP.

Hemicrania Continua With Scintillating Scotoma: A Rare Presentation.

Headache can be a primary or secondary disorder. The characteristics of headache and its associated features, especially the presence of red flag signs, are important in distinguishing secondary from primary causes. Hemicrania continua is a type of primary headache disorder characterized by a continuous unilateral headache with episodes of exacerbations and association with cranial autonomic symptoms, which include several ocular symptoms.

Biomechanical System Versus Observational Rating Scale for Parkinson's Disease Tremor Assessment.

There is a lack of evidence that either conventional observational rating scale or biomechanical system is a better tremor assessment tool. This work focuses on comparing a biomechanical system and the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in terms of test-retest reliability. The Parkinson's disease tremors were quantified by biomechanical system in joint angular displacement and predicted rating, as well as assessed by three raters using observational ratings.

An In-Laboratory Validity and Reliability Tested System for Quantifying Hand-Arm Tremor in Motions.

Despite the advancement of the tremor assessment systems, the current technology still lacks a method that can objectively characterize tremors in relative segmental movements. This paper presents a measurement system, which quantifies multi-degrees-of-freedom coupled relative motions of hand-arm tremor, in terms of joint angular displacement. In-laboratory validity and reliability tests of the system algorithm to provide joint angular displacement was carried out by using the two-degrees-of-freedom tremor simulator with incremental rotary encoder systems installed.

Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis and LGI1-encephalitis, with nephrotic syndrome post-thymectomy.

Thymoma is associated with a wide spectrum of autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes, though it is uncommon for multiple paraneoplastic syndromes to be present in a single individual. We report a rare case of an elderly gentleman who was found to have thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis and LGI1-encephalitis with myokymia, who presented with nephrotic syndrome (minimal change glomerulopathy) after thymectomy. The latter two paraneoplastic syndromes had manifested when prednisolone was tapered down to low dose.

Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the multi-ethnic Penang Island, Malaysia, and a review of worldwide prevalence.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) occurs worldwide in all ethnicities. Recently, population-based studies have shown that NMOSD is more common among non-White populations. There is scarce data about NMOSD prevalence in South East Asian populations.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a well-known complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and has been rarely described in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Case report and review of literature.

Results: Here, we report a 73-year-old woman with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) presenting in cardiogenic shock.