ASSESSING THE PATIENT WITH ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME IN LIGHT OF THE NEW 2023 ACR/EULAR ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA - CASE REPORT.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired multisystem autoimmune disease characterized clinically by vascular thrombotic events, or pregnancy complications or nonthrombotic manifestations in the presence of persistently elevated antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We highlighted our case, which fulfills both the old APS classification criteria (1999,2006) _and the newest one (2023). The latest demonstrates very high specificity (99%) for APS diagnosis, compared to the older revised Sapporo criteria (86%).

Effects of Alirocumab on Cardiovascular Events After Coronary Bypass Surgery.

Background: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are at high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events and death.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the clinical benefit of adding alirocumab to statins in ACS patients with prior CABG in a pre-specified analysis of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab).

Methods: Patients (n = 18,924) 1 to 12 months post-ACS with elevated atherogenic lipoprotein levels despite high-intensity statin therapy were randomized to alirocumab or placebo subcutaneously every 2 weeks.

[Definition of therapeutic effect of mildronate in patients with chronic heart failure].

In developed countries chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the main reasons of death and physical disability. CHF affects approximately 1-2% of the population and its prevalence is still increasing. Today ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics are the first line drugs in treatment of CHF.

[The problem of chronic refractory angina pectoris].

Prognosis in the case of refractory angina pectoris is poor in comparison with stable angina. Patients with refractory angina are more likely to have an acute coronary attack as a result of more diffuse coronary artery lesions and a high prevalence of cardiac risk factors. The quality of life of these patients is also poor.

[A comparative evaluation of the antianginal efficacy of aldizem and korinfar in patients with stable stenocardia].

As many as 46 men suffering from coronary heart disease combined with angina pectoris of effort, functional classes II-IV, were examined. The two-week treatment with nifedipine (30-60 mg/day) and aldizem (180-270 mg/day) exerted an antianginal action in 47.8 and 39.

[HLA-associated predisposition to dilated cardiomyopathy].

HLA-antigens grade I and II were studied by tissue typing in 60 Russians and 40 Georgians suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), and 40 Georgians with virus myocarditis. 267 test-donors Russians and 579 Georgians served as control. Markers of DCMP predisposition were found different for Russians and Georgians: DR4 (relative risk 2.

[A new immunogenetic marker of rheumatism].

Use of monoclonal D8/17 antiserum was studied for identification of B-cell antigen in 44 rheumatic fever patients. The control group comprised healthy subjects (30) and patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (30), ischemic heart disease (IO); chronic tonsillitis (12) and different neoplasma of the brain (10). The preliminary genetic analysis of these patients has shown that monoclonal antiserum D8/17 can identify B-cell marker in 88-100 per cent of rheumatic fever cases.

[Indices of the interferon system in patients with viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy].

The authors presented some data on the investigation of the interferon system in patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM) and viral myocarditis (VM). Diagnosis was verified according to the WHO criteria. Altogether 10 DCM patients and 24 VM patients with a grave course were investigated.

[Immunological characteristics of viral myocarditis].

A study of cellular and humoral immunity was conducted in patients with viral myocarditis. Quantitative and functional deficiency of T-suppressors and an increase in the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes were revealed in most patients. Disorder in the T-cellular link of immunity correlated with a clinical course of the disease and was found more frequently in patients with a grave course of myocarditis.

[Value of immunological studies in various forms of cardiomyopathy].

Immunologic status of 97 patients with dilating cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and 52 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) was studied; total amount of T-lymphocytes as well as the amount of T-active lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the test of E- and EAC-rosette formation, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (T mu, T g in the EA-rosette formation reaction were determined. HLA-typing in the microlymphocytes toxic test was performed. It was determined that the amount of B- and T-lymphocytes as well as the amount of T mu- and Tg-lymphocytes in patients with HCMP does not practically differ from that in normal subjects.

[Left ventricular regional function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (computerized echocardiographic data)].

Computerized echography was used to assess left-ventricular dysfunction in 40 patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM). The so-called "floating" system was shown to be the most acceptable model for the correction of DCM-associated superposition. An original system was used for segment division by two- and four-chamber projections.

[Immunoregulatory lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies].

Forty patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 30 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were examined immunologically. Immunoregulatory lymphocytes (T1B) and their subpopulations (T helpers, T suppressors, natural killers--NK) were studied quantitatively and functionally. The patients with DCM showed inhibition of the number of T suppressors in part of the cases, attended by a decrease in non-specific (spontaneous) and mitogenin-induced suppressor activity, the lowering of the amount and activity of NK in the overwhelming majority of the cases.

[Various aspects of drug therapy of chronic forms of ischemic heart disease].

Experience in the treatment of over 500 chronic coronary patients with various anti-anginal drugs or their combinations is summarized. Controlled (double blind) and open studies and acute pharmacologic tests demonstrated comparative efficacy of depot-nitrates, beta-blockers, oxyfedrine, cordaron, lidoflazinum, molsidamine (corvaton). The effects on exercise tolerance (bicycle ergometry) with isolated and combined use of the drugs are described.

[Echocardiographic studies in congestive cardiomyopathies].

Twenty-seven patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and 34 patients with coronary heart disease (postinfarction cardiosclerosis) as well as 30 healthy subjects were studied using one- and two-dimensional echocardiography with a subsequent computerized analysis. Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed an increased end-diastolic size, mitral-septal separation, right ventricular and left atrial diameters and left ventricular mass as compared to the other groups. Unlike in coronary heart disease, patients with congestive cardiomyopathy had a decreased mitral ring area, a prolonged isovolumetric relaxation phase, a decreased increment of the anteroposterior diameter during rapid filling.

[Characteristics of immunoregulatory lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and nonrheumatic myocarditis studied by monoclonal antibodies].

Forty patients and 14 donors were examined. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed to have congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM), and 18 to have non-rheumatic myocarditis. The total number of T and B lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by the method of surface markers (T mu and T gamma) and concurrently with the aid of monoclonal antibodies (OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 8).

[Effect of nonachlazine on ino- and chronotropic function].

As a result of the stimulation of beta-adrenostructures of the myocardium nonachlazin intensifies ino- and chronotropic functions of the heart. This effect does not manifest after administration of practolol and is less pronounced in animals anesthesized with urethane and alpha-chloralose since the sensitivity of the beta-adrenostructures of the myocardium decreases under the influence of the anesthetics. Apart from the stimulation of ino- and chronotropic function of the heart nonachlazin reduces concurrently the intensity of positive chronotropic effect of isoproterenol.

[Comparison of the effect of ildamen and nonachlazin on the blood supply and activities of the heart].

Instravenous infusion of ildamen (0.8-1 mg/kg) into anesthesized cats caused an increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen consumption by the heart to an approximately equal degree; the resistance of the coronary vessels diminished. The values of cardiac activity (cardiac output, contractions, pulse rate) increased simultaneously with increase of the coronary blood flow.

[Mechanism of the antianginal action of oxyfedrine].

Oxyphedrine was found to depress the tonicity of coronary vessels, increase the coronary circulation volume, the oxygen uptake by the heart and also to exert a positive inoand chronotropic action in test with urethan and cloralose anesthetized cats. These effects were caused by stimulation of the beta-adrenoreceptors of the heart and vessels. In non-anesthetized cats oxyphedrine did not produce tachycardia.

[Effect of nonachlazine and oxyfedrine on coronary circulation in dogs].

Coronary circulation was measured in the anesthetized and nonanesthetized dogs by means of ultrasonic Doppler's radiotelemetric apparatus. The ultrasonic pick-up was placed on the upper third of the descending branch of the left coronary artery. Nonachlazine considerably increased the coronary circulation in the anesthetized and nonanesthetized dogs.

[Mechanism of the antianginal action of nonachlazine].

Experimental data on the mechanism accounting for the action of a new antianginal drug nonachlazine are presented. Nonachlazine was found to intensively (120+/-9.5 per cent) and protractedly (30--40 min) augment the blood flow in the coronary vessels, increasing the oxygen reserve of the myocardium.