The Concept and Epidemiology of Disability.

A profound need for rehabilitation services exists, especially in developing countries. This article highlights the role of the epidemiology of disability in addressing this critical need. The article concludes that national and global disability epidemiology statistics inform stakeholder development of rehabilitation policies and programs necessary to meet the global need for rehabilitation, directly supporting the World Health Organization Rehabilitation 2030: Call for Action and United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Isolation of a novel protein phosphatase2C in rice and its response to gibberellin.

Protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) have been referred to act as negative modulators of the protein kinase pathways involved in different environmental stress responses and developmental processes. In Arabidopsis, PP2Cs have been extensively studied and some are known to negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling. In rice, PP2Cs are scarcely characterized functionally.

Increased salt and drought tolerance by D-ononitol production in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

The methylation of myo-inositol forms O-methyl inositol (D-ononitol) when plants are under abiotic stress in a reaction catalyzed by myo-inositol methyltransferase (IMT). D-Ononitol can serve as an osmoprotectant that prevents water loss in plants. We isolated the IMT cDNA from Glycine max and found by RT-PCR analysis that GmIMT transcripts are induced by drought and salinity stress treatments in the leaves of soybean seedlings.

Heel pressure ulcers: purple heel and deep tissue injury.

The heel is a frequent site of pressure ulcer formation, in particular, the development of suspected deep tissue injury. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology and prevention of heel pressure ulcers. Also, the related concept of purple heel, a not-well-recognized entity, is introduced.

A knee-specific finite element analysis of the human anterior cruciate ligament impingement against the femoral intercondylar notch.

This work presents a finite element analysis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) impingement against the intercondylar notch during tibial external rotation and abduction, as a mechanism of noncontact ACL injuries. Experimentally, ACL impingement was measured in a cadaveric knee in terms of impingement contact pressure and six degrees-of-freedom tibiofemoral kinematics. Three-dimensional geometries of the ACL, femur and tibia were incorporated into the finite element model of the individual knee specimen.

The bZIP transcription factor OsABF1 is an ABA responsive element binding factor that enhances abiotic stress signaling in rice.

A number of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are known to function in stress signaling in plants but few have thus far been functionally characterized in rice. In our current study in rice, we have newly isolated and characterized the OsABF1 (Oryza sativa ABA responsive element binding factor 1) gene that encodes a bZIP transcription factor. Its expression in seedling shoots and roots was found to be induced by various abiotic stress treatments such as anoxia, salinity, drought, oxidative stress, cold and abscisic acid (ABA).

Pressure ulcers in pediatric patients with spinal cord injury: a review of assessment, prevention, and topical management.

Purpose: To provide the wound care practitioner with a review of the assessment, prevention, and management of pressure ulcers in pediatric patients with spinal cord injury.

Target Audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

Objectives: After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to:

Smoking-the bane of wound healing: biomedical interventions and social influences.

Purpose: To provide wound care practitioners with information about the effects of smoking on wound healing.

Target Audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care.

Objectives: After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1.

Advances in wound photography and assessment methods.

Purpose: To provide the wound care practitioner with an overview of new methodologies for measuring and documenting chronic wounds.

Target Audience: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care and related disorders.

Objectives: After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1.

Animal models in pressure ulcer research.

Background/objective: Research targeting the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of pressure ulcers (PrUs) continue to be a significant priority for clinical and basic science research. Spinal cord injury patients particularly benefit from PrU research, because the prevalence of chronic wounds in this category is increasing despite standardized medical care. Because of practical, ethical, and safety considerations, PrUs in the human environment are limited to studies involving patients with pre-existing ulcers.

Comparison of lateral locking plate and antiglide plate for fixation of distal fibular fractures in osteoporotic bone: a biomechanical study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of posterolateral antiglide plating and lateral locked plating for fixation of displaced short oblique fractures of the fibula in osteoporotic bone.

Methods: Short oblique fractures of the distal fibula at the level of the syndesmosis were simulated with a fibular osteotomy and ligamentous sectioning in 18 paired fresh frozen ankles. The fractures were fixed with either a lateral locking plate with an independent lag screw or a posterolateral antiglide plate with a lag screw through the plate.