Enhancement of lipid productivity by adopting multi-stage continuous cultivation strategy in Nannochloropsis gaditana.

In the present study, a novel process-based cultivation system was designed to improve lipid productivity of Nannochloropsis gaditana, an oleaginous microalga that has high potential for biofuel production. Specifically, four flat-panel photobioreactors were connected in series, and this system was subjected to continuous chemostat cultivation by feeding fresh medium to the first reactor at dilution rates of 0.028 and 0.

Long-term outcomes of long level posterolateral fusion in lumbar degenerative disease: comparison of long level fusion versus short level fusion: a case control study.

Background: We sought to evaluate the long-term outcomes of long-level instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) directly compared to those with short level instrumented PLF for degenerative spinal stenosis.

Methods: From 1987-2002, patients who underwent instrumented PLF with wide decompression for degenerative spinal stenosis were reviewed. A total of 295 patients were available for follow-up over 10 years (mean, 14 years).

Influence of the Rotational Alignment of the Femoral and Patellar Components on Patellar Tilt in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of rotational alignment of the femoral and patellar components on patellar tilt after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Materials And Methods: A total of 56 patients (76 knees) who underwent TKA using Advance Medial Pivot Knee system between May 2009 and April 2011 and were available for minimum 1-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. Whiteside's line and the transepicondylar line were used to determine the rotational alignment of the femoral component.

Height Restoration after Balloon Kyphoplasty in Rheumatoid Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare vertebral body height restoration rate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had undergone percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (KP) with that of control group who had matched age, sex, body mass index, and bone mineral density.

Overview Of Literature: There is no report on result of KP in RA patients.

Optimization of variables affecting the direct transesterification of wet biomass from Nannochloropsis oceanica using ionic liquid as a co-solvent.

Ionic liquids have many applications, one of which entails their utilization as powerful solvents. In the present study, various experimental conditions of ionic liquid-mediated direct transesterification were investigated in terms of lipid-extracting ionic liquids, catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature and volume of methanol to achieve effective FAME conversion with wet microalgal feedstock, Nannochloropsis oceanica. With ionic liquid, [Bmim][CF3SO3], highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was shown.

Utilization of lipid extracted algal biomass and sugar factory wastewater for algal growth and lipid enhancement of Ettlia sp.

The present study assessed the use of hydrolysate of lipid extracted algal biomass (LEA) combined with the sugar factory wastewater (SFW) as a low cost nutrient and a carbon source, respectively for microalgal cultivation. Microalgal strain Ettlia sp. was both mixotrophically and heterotrophically cultivated using various amounts of hydrolysate and SFW.

Effect of monochromatic illumination on lipid accumulation of Nannochloropsis gaditana under continuous cultivation.

Although nitrogen starvation is frequently used to increase lipid contents in microalgae, it has a negative effect on cellular growth. Since light supply is essential for photosynthetic organisms, the effects of cultivation under monochromatic illumination on the growth and lipid contents of Nannochloropsis gaditana were assessed. Continuous cultivation under blue and red light conditions improved the productivity and physical properties for biodiesel from this microalga.

An integrated microfluidic device for the high-throughput screening of microalgal cell culture conditions that induce high growth rate and lipid content.

This study describes the development of a microfluidic device for the high-throughput screening of culture conditions, such as the optimum sodium acetate concentration for promoting rapid growth and high lipid accumulation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. An analysis of the microalgal growth on the microfluidic device revealed an optimum sodium acetate concentration of 5.72 g L(-1).

Phytohormone supplementation significantly increases growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultivated for biodiesel production.

Cultivation is the most expensive step in the production of biodiesel from microalgae, and substantial research has been devoted to developing more cost-effective cultivation methods. Plant hormones (phytohormones) are chemical messengers that regulate various aspects of growth and development and are typically active at very low concentrations. In this study, we investigated the effect of different phytohormones on microalgal growth and biodiesel production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and their potential to lower the overall cost of commercial biofuel production.

Methods of downstream processing for the production of biodiesel from microalgae.

Despite receiving increasing attention during the last few decades, the production of microalgal biofuels is not yet sufficiently cost-effective to compete with that of petroleum-based conventional fuels. Among the steps required for the production of microalgal biofuels, the harvest of the microalgal biomass and the extraction of lipids from microalgae are two of the most expensive. In this review article, we surveyed a substantial amount of previous work in microalgal harvesting and lipid extraction to highlight recent progress in these areas.

Management of tibial bony defect with metal block in primary total knee replacement arthroplasty.

Purpose: To analyze minimum 2-year clinical and radiological follow-up results of primary total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) with metal block augmentation for tibial bony defect.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 67 cases (52 patients) of primary TKRA with metal block augmentation for tibial bony defects from March 1999 and March 2008. Clinical results were evaluated using the Knee Society clinical rating system and the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) score.

Direct lipid extraction from wet Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass using osmotic shock.

High-cost downstream process is a major bottleneck for producing microalgal biodiesel at reasonable price. Conventional lipid extraction process necessitates biomass drying process, which requires substantial amount of energy. In this regard, lipid extraction from wet biomass must be an attractive solution.

Serial optimization of biomass production using microalga Nannochloris oculata and corresponding lipid biosynthesis.

As energy and environment have become urgent issues, there has been increasing needs to develop alternative energy source, such as microalgal bio-fuel. In this study, we investigated the growth and lipid contents of microalgae Nannochloris oculata under various environmental conditions for biodiesel production. Our results indicated that biomass productivities of N.

Effect of electrokinetic remediation on indigenous microbial activity and community within diesel contaminated soil.

Electrokinetic remediation has been successfully used to remove organic contaminants and heavy metals within soil. The electrokinetic process changes basic soil properties, but little is known about the impact of this remediation technology on indigenous soil microbial activities. This study reports on the effects of electrokinetic remediation on indigenous microbial activity and community within diesel contaminated soil.