Novel Leech Antimicrobial Peptides, Hirunipins: Real-Time 3D Monitoring of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Mechanisms Using Optical Diffraction Tomography.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising agents for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Although discovering novel AMPs is crucial for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections, their clinical potential relies on precise, real-time evaluation of efficacy, toxicity, and mechanisms. Optical diffraction tomography (ODT), a label-free imaging technology, enables real-time visualization of bacterial morphological changes, membrane damage, and biofilm formation over time.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm features of SMAP-18 against .

Cholera continues to be a pointed global health issue, prominently in developing nations, where the disease's severe diarrheal symptoms pose substantial public health risks. With the escalating spread of antibiotic resistance among strains, alternative therapeutic approaches are imperative. Antimicrobial peptides are increasingly recognized for their potential, with research focusing on finding the most effective options.

Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Novel Thrombin-Derived Peptide in Sepsis Models: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms.

We developed two short helical antimicrobial peptides, HVF18-a3 and its d-enantiomer, HVF18-a3-d, derived from the thrombin C-terminal peptide HVF18. These peptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various bacteria by compromising both the outer and inner membranes, with low hemolytic activity. They are stable in the presence of physiological salts and human serum, exhibiting a low potential for developing drug resistance and excellent antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

The First Domesticated 'Cheongju Sorori Rice' Excavated in Korea.

Archaeological excavations led by Yung-jo Lee and Jong-yoon Woo were carried out twice at the Sorori paleolithic site, Cheongju, in the Republic of Korea, at the upper stream of the Geumgang river, the Miho riverside. A total of 127 rice seeds were excavated, including 18 ancient rice and 109 Quasi-rice, in 1998 and 2001. At the first excavation, eleven short -type ancient rice and one slender smooth ancient rice with two kinds of Quasi-rice were excavated.

Paramixta manurensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Erwiniaceae producing indole-3-acetic acid isolated from mushroom compost.

There are numerous species in the Erwiniaceae family that are important for agricultural and clinical purposes. Here we described the Erwiniaceae bacterium PD-1 isolated from mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) compost. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the strain PD-1 was assigned to a new genus and species, Paramixta manurensis gen.

A Novel Dimeric Short Peptide Derived from α-Defensin-Related Rattusin with Improved Antimicrobial and DNA-Binding Activities.

Rattusin, an α-defensin-related antimicrobial peptide isolated from the small intestine of rats, has been previously characterized through NMR spectroscopy to elucidate its three-dimensional structure, revealing a C2 homodimeric scaffold stabilized by five disulfide bonds. This study aimed to identify the functional region of rattusin by designing and synthesizing various short analogs, subsequently leading to the development of novel peptide-based antibiotics. The analogs, designated as F1, F2, F3, and F4, were constructed based on the three-dimensional configuration of rattusin, among which F2 is the shortest peptide and exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to the wild-type peptide.

A comprehensive review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of two Iranian Rydingia species (Lamiaceae).

Rydingia michauxii and R. persica, respectively, known as Kase Gol and Goldar in Persian, belong to the family Lamiaceae and they are well known herbal medicine in Iran for the treatment of various diseases, particularly diabetes. This review aims to appraise the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacological activities of Rydingia species growing in Iran and assess their potential in clinical applications.

Stereospecific NANOG PEST Stabilization by Pin1.

NANOG protein levels correlate with stem cell pluripotency. NANOG concentrations fluctuate constantly with low NANOG levels leading to spontaneous cell differentiation. Previous literature implicated Pin1, a phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerase, as a key player in NANOG stabilization.

New strain Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5 produces both brevicidine and brevibacillin, exhibiting distinct antibacterial modes of action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

The growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made it imperative to search for new antimicrobial compounds derived from natural products. In the present study, Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5, isolated from red clay soil, was chosen as the subject for conducting additional antibacterial investigations. The fractions exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity (30% acetonitrile eluent from solid phase extraction) were purified through RP-HPLC.

A qualitative exploration of exercise motivation among colorectal cancer survivors: an application of the theory of planned behavior.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to use semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to elicit key influencing factors (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control beliefs) related to physical activity and exercise in colorectal cancer survivors.

Multifunctional Properties of BMAP-18 and Its Aliphatic Analog against Drug-Resistant Bacteria.

BMAP-18, derived from the N-terminal region of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27, demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of BMAP-18, rich in aromatic phenylalanine residues, with its aliphatic analog, BMAP-18-FL. Both aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL exhibited equally potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDRPA).

infection disrupts metabolism during the germination of roselle ( L.) seeds.

Fungal infections adversely influence the production and quality of seeds. Previously, was reported as the causal agent of roselle ( L.) seed rot.

Evaluation of deoxythymidine-based cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Objectives: We recently designed a series of cationic deoxythymidine-based amphiphiles that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among these amphiphiles, ADG-2e and ADL-3e displayed the highest selectivity against bacterial cells. In this study, ADG-2e and ADL-3e were evaluated for their potential as novel classes of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Cell selectivity and antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities and antibacterial mechanism of symmetric-end antimicrobial peptide centered on D-Pro-Pro.

This study aimed to develop a new symmetric-end antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with cell selectivity, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory activities. Two symmetric-end AMPs, Lf6-pP and Lf6-GG, were designed based on the sequence RRWQWRzzRWQWRR, which contains two symmetric repeat sequences connected by a β-turn-promoting sequence (zz) that can be a rigid turn by D-Pro-Pro (pP) or a flexible turn by Gly-Gly (GG). Both Lf6-pP and Lf6-GG exhibited potent antibacterial activity without causing hemolysis, but Lf6-pP exhibited better cell selectivity, likely due to the more significant impact of the rigid pP turn.

Ultrasound application for the decontamination of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds: Influence on fungal inhibition and seed quality.

Seed decay is a major problem caused by pathogens that adversely affect seed yield and quality in agricultural production. Herein, the effect of 28 KHz ultrasound treatment for 20, 40 and 60 min and 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 min was assessed for the decontamination of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

Discovery of structural and functional transition sites for membrane-penetrating activity of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18.

Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides have an extended and/or unstructured conformation in aqueous solutions but fold into ordered conformations, such as the α-helical structure, when interacting with cellular membranes. These structural transitions can be directly correlated to their antimicrobial activity and its underlying mechanisms. SMAP-18, the N-terminal segment (residues 1-18) of sheep cathelicidin (SMAP-29), is known to kill microorganisms by translocating across membranes and interacting with their nucleic acids.

A novel hybrid peptide composed of LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 with enhanced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-biofilm activities.

Hybridizing two known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a simple and effective strategy for designing antimicrobial agents with enhanced cell selectivity against bacterial cells. Here, we generated a hybrid peptide Lf-KR in which LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 were linked with a Pro hinge to obtain a novel AMP with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm activities. Lf-KR exerted superior cell selectivity for bacterial cells over sheep red blood cells.

Development of Cobalt-Binding Peptide Chelate from Human Serum Albumin: Cobalt-Binding Properties and Stability.

Radioactive isotopes are used as drugs or contrast agents in the medical field after being conjugated with chelates such as DOTA, NOTA, DTPA, TETA, CyDTA, TRITA, and DPDP. The N-terminal sequence of human serum albumin (HSA) is known as a metal binding site, such as for Co, Cu, and Ni. For this study, we designed and synthesized wAlb12 peptide from the N-terminal region of HSA, which can bind to cobalt, to develop a peptide-based chelate.

Structure-function relationship of fermented skate skin gelatin-derived bioactive peptides: a peptidomics approach.

Unlabelled: In this study, we investigated the multi-functionality of bioactive peptides derived from fermented skate () skin gelatin hydrolysates. The extracted gelatin was hydrolyzed using a combination of food grade subtilisin and actinidin. The hydrolysates were then fractionated via ultrafiltration, and the fractions with the highest dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, and antibacterial proprieties were further purified via ion exchange, solid phase extraction, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.

Solitary Nitric Oxide Signaling Mediates Mild Stress-Induced Anxiety and Norepinephrine Release in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis during Protracted Ethanol Withdrawal.

Ethanol withdrawal (EtOHW) alters the pattern of neurohormonal and behavioral response toward internal and external stimuli, which mediates relapse to alcohol use even after a long period of abstinence. Increased noradrenergic signaling from the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during EtOHW underlies withdrawal-induced anxiety, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors injected into the periaqueductal area attenuate EtOHW-induced anxiety. Therefore, this study investigated the involvement of NOS within the NTS in anxiety and increased norepinephrine (NE) release in the BNST during protracted EtOHW in rats exposed to a mild stress.

Pyomelanin-Producing sp. nov., Isolated From Grape ( L.).

A novel endophytic bacterial strain, designated GR-TSA-9, was isolated from surface-sterilized grape ( L.). 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate was grouped within the genus , displaying the highest similarity with DS-18 (97.

sp. JCK-6131 Protects Plants Against Bacterial and Fungal Diseases via Two Mechanisms.

Plant bacterial and fungal diseases cause significant agricultural losses and need to be controlled. Beneficial bacteria are promising candidates for controlling these diseases. In this study, sp.