Malignancy Risk of Follicular Neoplasm (Bethesda IV) With Variable Cutoffs of Tumor Size: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: The decision on diagnostic lobectomy for follicular neoplasms (FN) is challenging.

Objective: This meta-analysis investigates whether an appropriate size cutoff exists for recommending surgery for thyroid nodules diagnosed as FN by fine needle aspiration.

Methods: The Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and KoreaMed databases were searched for studies reporting the malignancy rate of FN/suspicious for FN (FN/SFN) according to tumor size, using search terms "fine needle aspiration," "follicular neoplasm," "lobectomy," "surgery," and "thyroidectomy.

Mutant PIK3CA as a negative predictive biomarker for treatment with a highly selective PIM1 inhibitor in human colon cancer.

Significant improvement in targeted therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) has occurred over the past few decades since the approval of the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. However, cetuximab is used only for patients possessing the wild-type oncogene KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF, and even most of these eventually acquire therapeutic resistance, via activation of parallel oncogenic pathways such as RAS-MAPK or PI3K/Akt/mTOR. The two aforementioned pathways also contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance in CRC patients, due to compensatory and feedback mechanisms.

Evaluation of PSMA target diagnostic PET tracers for therapeutic monitoring of [Lu]ludotadipep of prostate cancer: Screening of PSMA target efficiency and biodistribution using [F]DCFPyL and [Ga]PSMA-11.

We have compared the similarity of the in vivo distribution of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents [F]DCFPyL, [Ga]galdotadipep, and [Ga]PSMA-11. This study is designed for a further selection of a PSMA-targeted PET imaging agent for the therapeutic evaluation of [Lu]ludotadipep, our previously developed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted prostate cancer therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. In vitro cell uptake was performed to evaluate the affinity to PSMA using PSMA + PC3-PIP, and PSMA- PC3-flu was used for the study.

Graves' disease, its treatments, and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A Korean population-based study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is occasionally diagnosed in individuals with Graves' disease. Definite treatments, including radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) or surgery might lower the risk of AF in the literature. However, no studies have compared the effects of anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs), RAIT, and surgery on the risk of AF.

Graves' disease and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a Korean population-based study.

Two European cohort studies have suggested that Graves' disease is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease, although the results were limited and controversial. We evaluated whether patients with Graves' disease had an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease according to treatment modality. We included 65 380 Graves' disease patients and 326 900 healthy controls matched according to age and sex, using the Korean National Health Insurance database.

Quality Matters as Much as Quantity of Skeletal Muscle: Clinical Implications of Myosteatosis in Cardiometabolic Health.

Although age-related changes in skeletal muscles are closely associated with decreases in muscle strength and functional decline, their associations with cardiometabolic diseases in the literature are inconsistent. Such inconsistency could be explained by the fact that muscle quality-which is closely associated with fatty infiltration of the muscle (i.e.

Sex Differences of Visceral Fat Area and Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Fat Ratio for the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: This study aimed to determine the optimal cut-off values of visceral fat area (VFA) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) for predicting incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 10,882 individuals (6,835 men; 4,047 women) free of T2DM at baseline aged between 30 and 79 years who underwent abdominal computed tomography scan between 2012 and 2013 as a part of routine health check-ups were included and followed. VFA, subcutaneous fat area, and VSR on L3 vertebral level were measured at baseline.

Associations between obesity, weight change and decreased renal function in Korean type 2 diabetic patients: a longitudinal follow-up study.

Background: We aimed to examine the associations between the risk of decreased renal function, obesity, and weight changes in Korean type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function.

Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 1060) who visited the diabetic clinic at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between 2001 and 2007 with follow up surveys completed in 2016 to 2017 were recruited into the study. Decreased renal function was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus in Korean adults: A multi-institutional joint research.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to determine the hospital-based prevalence and clinical features of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus in Korea.

Materials And Methods: We identified all patients with diabetes who regularly visited the Endocrinology outpatient clinics at eight centers for a period >1 year between January 2012 and June 2017. We investigated their medical records retrospectively.

Myostatin/Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASM) Ratio, Not Myostatin, Is Associated with Low Handgrip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Women.

Background/aims: Elevated levels of serum myostatin have been proposed as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Recent studies have shown that elevated level of serum myostatin was associated with physical fitness and performance. This study aimed to examine the significance of myostatin in the association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly.

Comparison of muscle mass and quality between metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether higher skeletal muscle mass is associated with a metabolically healthy phenotype and whether muscle quality affects metabolic health.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 20,659 participants (7,966 women) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scans during health checkups. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) on the third lumbar vertebral level was demarcated.

Inter- and Intra-Molecular Organocatalysis of S2 Fluorination by Crown Ether: Kinetics and Quantum Chemical Analysis.

We present the intra- and inter-molecular organocatalysis of S2 fluorination using CsF by crown ether to estimate the efficacy of the promoter and to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The yields of intramolecular S2 fluorination of the veratrole substrates are measured to be very small (<1% in 12 h) in the absence of crown ether promoters, whereas the S2 fluorination of the substrate possessing a crown ether unit proceeds to near completion (~99%) in 12 h. We also studied the efficacy of intermolecular rate acceleration by an independent promoter 18-crown-6 for comparison.

Association between alcohol consumption status and obesity-related comorbidities in men: data from the 2016 Korean community health survey.

Background: This study was performed to investigate the association between the amount of alcohol consumption or binge drinking and obesity-related comorbidities in Korean men.

Methods: A total of 103,048 men aged 19 years or older were investigated in the 2016 Korean Community Health Survey. The participants were divided into five groups according to the standard number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Selenium on Orbital Fibroblasts of Patients With Graves Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of selenium on inflammation, hyaluronan production, and oxidative stress in primary cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods: Orbital adipose/connective tissue specimens were obtained during the course of orbital surgery for patients with GO (n = 7) and other noninflammatory problems (n = 5). After incubation with various concentrations of sodium selenite for 48 hours, supernatants from primary cultures were collected.

The immune modulatory effects of mitochondrial transplantation on cecal slurry model in rat.

Background: Sepsis has a high mortality rate, but no specific drug has been proven effective, prompting the development of new drugs. Immunologically, sepsis can involve hyperinflammation, immune paralysis, or both, which might pose challenges during drug development. Recently, mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a treatment modality for various diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction, but it has never been tested for sepsis.

Gestational diabetes in Korea: Temporal trends in prevalence, treatment, and short-term consequences from a national health insurance claims database between 2012 and 2016.

Aims: This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate recent trends in the prevalence and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. We also investigated trends in annual prevalence rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and cesarean section (C-section) in GDM patients.

Methods: We used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database, 2012-2016.

Relationship of Sarcopenia with Microcirculation Measured by Skin Perfusion Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship of sarcopenia with the microcirculation. The current study investigated the relationship of sarcopenia with microcirculatory function, as assessed by skin perfusion pressure (SPP), in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: In total, 102 T2DM patients who underwent SPP measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Efficacy and Safety of Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids Added to Stable Statin Therapy in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertriglyceridemia: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids added to statin monotherapy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes who have persistent hypertriglyceridemia despite statin therapy.

Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in 4 clinical sites between February 2009 and February 2011. The inclusion criteria were patients with type 2 diabetes who had received ≥6 weeks of statin therapy and had fasting triglyceride (TG) levels ≥1.

Association between Sleep Quality and Painless Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Assessed by Current Perception Threshold in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: It is known that the painful sensation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) results in sleep problems in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not known that the painless DPN also is associated with poor sleep quality in T2DM. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between painless DPN and poor sleep quality in T2DM.

Longitudinal Changes of Body Composition Phenotypes and Their Association with Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus during a 5-Year Follow-up in Koreans.

Background: To elucidate longitudinal changes of complex body composition phenotypes and their association with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 17,280 (mean age, 48.1±8.

Bis-triethylene Glycolic Crown-5-calix[4]arene: A Promoter of Nucleophilic Fluorination Using Potassium Fluoride.

We designed and synthesized a bis-triethylene glycolic crown-5-calix[4]arene (BTC5A) as a multifunctional promoter for nucleophilic fluorination using KF. The synergetic effect of the calix-crown moiety and ethylene glycols of BTC5A enabled KF to be easily dissolved in organic solvents and activated the fluoride in even nonpolar aprotic media. To validate its practicality, the S2 fluorinations including F-fluorination of various substrates were successfully conducted using KF(or [F]F) in the presence of BTC5A.

Prognostic value of acoustic structure quantification in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Objectives: Assessment of thyroid parenchymal echogenicity on ultrasonography is a predictor of future thyroid dysfunction. Our objective was to determine the prognostic value of acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) to predict the outcome of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Materials And Methods: We prospectively evaluated 90 patients with HT using ASQ from May to December 2013.