Contribution of Organic Nitrates to Organic Aerosol over South Korea during KORUS-AQ.

The role of anthropogenic NO emissions in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production is not fully understood but is important for understanding the contribution of emissions to air quality. Here, we examine the role of organic nitrates (RONO) in SOA formation over the Korean Peninsula during the Korea-United States Air Quality field study in Spring 2016 as a model for RONO aerosol in cities worldwide. We use aircraft-based measurements of the particle phase and total (gas + particle) RONO to explore RONO phase partitioning.

Temperature Prediction Based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory and Convolutional Neural Network Combining Observed and Numerical Forecast Data.

Weather is affected by a complex interplay of factors, including topography, location, and time. For the prediction of temperature in Korea, it is necessary to use data from multiple regions. To this end, we investigate the use of deep neural-network-based temperature prediction model time-series weather data obtained from an automatic weather station and image data from a regional data assimilation and prediction system (RDAPS).

Recent changes of trans-boundary air pollution over the Yellow Sea: Implications for future air quality in South Korea.

The influence of air pollutants originating from the Chinese region on air quality over South Korea has been a major concern for policymakers. To investigate the inter-annual trends of the long-distance transport of air pollutants from China to South Korea, multi-year trend analysis was carried out for Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD, as a proxy of particulate matter), and CO (a water-insoluble air pollutant) and SO (a partially water-soluble air pollutant), over three regions in Northeast Asia. Air pollutants are typically long-range transported from the highly polluted parts of China to South Korea through the Yellow Sea.

Development of a Reactive Plume Model for the Consideration of Power-Plant Plume Photochemistry and Its Applications.

A reactive plume model (RPM) was developed to comprehensively consider power-plant plume photochemistry with 255 condensed photochemical reactions. The RPM can simulate two main components of power-plant plumes: turbulent dispersion of plumes and compositional changes of plumes via photochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the performance of the RPM developed in the present study, two sets of observational data obtained from the TexAQS II 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II 2006) campaign were compared with RPM-simulated data.

Estimation of surface-level PM concentration from satellite observation taking into account the aerosol vertical profiles and hygroscopicity.

Surface-level PM10 distribution was estimated from the satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products, taking the account of vertical profiles and hygroscopicity of aerosols over Jeju, Korea during March 2008 and October 2009. In this study, MODIS AOD data from the Terra and Aqua satellites were corrected with aerosol extinction profiles and relative humidity data. PBLH (Planetary Boundary Layer Height) was determined from MPLNET lidar-derived aerosol extinction coefficient profiles.

Mobile MAX-DOAS observation of NO2 and comparison with OMI satellite data in the western coastal areas of the Korean peninsula.

Ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements have been used to retrieve column densities of atmospheric absorbers such as NO2, SO2, HCHO, and O3. In this study, mobile MAX-DOAS measurements were conducted to map the 2-D distributions of atmospheric NO2 in the western coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. A Mini-MAX-DOAS instrument was mounted on the rooftop of a mobile lab vehicle with a telescope mounted parallel to the driving direction, pointing forward.

Ozone production efficiency of a ship-plume: ITCT 2K2 case study.

Ozone production efficiency (OPE) of ship plume was first evaluated in this study, based on ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model simulations and the ship-plume composition data measured during the ITCT 2K2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002) aircraft campaign. The averaged instantaneous OPEs (OPE(i)‾) estimated via the ship-plume photochemical/dynamic modeling for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume ranged between 4.61 and 18.

Ship-plume sulfur chemistry: ITCT 2K2 case study.

The ship-plume sulfur chemistry was investigated for the ITCT 2K2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002) ship-plume experiment, using the ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model developed in this study. In order to evaluate the performance of the model, the model-predicted mixing ratios of SO2 and H2SO4 were compared with those observed. From these comparisons, it was found that the model-predicted levels were in reasonable agreements with those observed (0.

Estimation of the contributions of long range transported aerosol in East Asia to carbonaceous aerosol and PM concentrations in Seoul, Korea using highly time resolved measurements: a PSCF model approach.

The contributions of long range transported aerosol in East Asia to carbonaceous aerosol and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Seoul, Korea were estimated with potential source contribution function (PSCF) calculations. Carbonaceous aerosol (organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)), PM(2.5), and PM(10) concentrations were measured from April 2007 to March 2008 in Seoul, Korea.

Anthropometry of asian eyelids by age.

Background: The normal morphologic and functional values of eyelids and orbits vary according to race, sex, and age. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information related to these values in Asians, leading Asian surgeons to use statistical data from Caucasians.

Methods: The authors quantified and statistically analyzed nine morphologic and functional values in 234 Asian male and 264 Asian female subjects.

Anthropometric analysis of levator muscle function.

Background: Measurement of levator muscle function is very important in the evaluation and choice of surgical methods for blepharoptosis. In addition, the functional values of levator muscles are very helpful in cases of bilateral ptosis surgery. The normal values of levator muscle function vary according to race, sex, and age.

Early postoperative adjustment of blepharoptosis.

The challenge of accurately predicting eyelid height after blepharoptosis surgery is a well-known problem even in competent hands. From May 1988 to December 2004, the authors reviewed 182 cases (240 eyes) of blepharoptosis corrected by frontalis muscle transfer or levator resection and had experienced 10 cases (15 eyelids) of early adjustment around 1 week. The period from initial operation to adjustment is between 6 and 8 days, and the mean period is 7 days.