Collagen Nanoyarns: Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Biomaterial Constructs.

Hierarchical fibrous scaffolds (HFS) consist of nanoscale fibers arranged in larger macroscale structures, much in the same pattern as in native tissue such as tendon and bone. Creation of continuous macroscale nanofiber yarns has been made possible using modified electrospinning set-ups that combine electrospinning with techniques such as twisting, drawing, and winding. In this paper, a modified electrospinning setup was used to create continuous yarns of twisted type I collagen nanofibers, also known as collagen nanoyarns (CNY), from collagen solution prepared in acetic acid.