Effect of enteral nutrition on the intestinal microbiome and risk of death in ischemic stroke patients.

Background: Studies have shown that the intestinal microbiome of stroke patients is significantly altered and that the degree of microbiota disturbance correlates with prognosis. Enteral nutrition (EN) can reshape the intestinal microbiome and is important for stroke patients with dysphagia. We aimed to describe the intestinal microbiome in patients with ischemic cerebral infarction receiving standard EN.

[Research progress of the effect of enteral nutrition on intestinal microecology in neurocritical ill patients].

The intestinal flora and the intestinal environment in which it resides together constitute the intestinal microecosystem,it is significantly disturbed in neurocritical ill patients, as manifested by the decrease of bacterial diversity, an increase of pathogen, and the destruction of the intestinal barrier. Appropriate enteral nutrition is effective in maintaining intestinal barrier stability, regulating intestinal immune function, inhibiting intestinal inflammation, and regulating specific intestinal microbiota and intestinal function. It is important for sustaining intestinal microecological balance, reducing clinical complications in patients, and is a new target for the treatment of neurocritical ill patients.

Fecal Transplantation from db/db Mice Treated with Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Ischemic Stroke Injury.

The complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) exacerbates brain infarction in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Because butyrate-producing bacteria are decreased in T2D and butyrate has been reported to be associated with attenuated brain injury in AIS, we hypothesize that administering butyrate could ameliorate T2D-associated exacerbation of brain infarction in AIS. Therefore, we first validated that Chinese AIS patients with T2D comorbidity have significantly lower levels of fecal butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate than AIS patients without T2D.

Rapid gut dysbiosis induced by stroke exacerbates brain infarction in turn.

Objective: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuroprotective approaches have failed in clinical trials, thus warranting therapeutic innovations with alternative targets. The gut microbiota is an important contributor to many risk factors for stroke.

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Encephalitis: A Chinese Pilot Study.

Background: Encephalitis, the inflammation of the brain, may be caused by an infection or an autoimmune reaction. However, few researches were focused on the gut microbiome characteristics in encephalitis patients.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in an academic hospital in Guangzhou from February 2017 to February 2018.

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Subsequent Risk for Poor Functional Outcomes.

Background: The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites have been reported to play an important role in stroke. Gut microbiota-originating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) modulate brain functions directly or indirectly through immune, endocrine, vagal, and other humoral pathways. However, relatively few investigations have evaluated the gut microbiome and SCFAs spectrum or their potential associations with stroke outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with different stroke severities.

Dynamic Changes and Prognostic Value of Gut Microbiota-Dependent Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an atherothrombotic disease. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, has been shown to be proatherogenic and prothrombotic. However, the involvement of TMAO in AIS remains unclear.

Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in neurocritically ill patients and the risk for death.

Background: Despite the essential functions of the intestinal microbiota in human physiology, little has been reported about the microbiome in neurocritically ill patients. This investigation aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in neurocritically ill patients and its changes after admission. Furthermore, we investigated whether the characteristics of the gut microbiome at admission were a risk factor for death within 180 days.

Stroke Dysbiosis Index (SDI) in Gut Microbiome Are Associated With Brain Injury and Prognosis of Stroke.

Significant dysbiosis occurs in the gut microbiome of stroke patients. Condensing these broad, complex changes into one index would greatly facilitate the clinical usage of gut microbiome data. Here, we formulated a gut microbiota index in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on their gut microbiota dysbiosis patterns and tested whether the index was correlated with brain injury and early outcome.

Higher Risk of Stroke Is Correlated With Increased Opportunistic Pathogen Load and Reduced Levels of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in the Gut.

Gut microbiota is a newly identified risk factor for stroke, and there are no large prospective studies linking the baseline gut microbiome to long-term risk of stroke. We present here the correlation between the gut microbiota and stroke risk in people with no prior stroke history. A total of 141 participants aged ≥60 years without prior history of stroke were recruited and divided into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups based on known risk factors and whether they were suffering from chronic diseases.

[Research progress of gut microbiota and microbiota-targeted therapy in critical ill patients].

In physiological conditions, a diverse microbiota might enhance host defense. However, the gut microbiota of critically ill patients is characterized by lower diversity, lower abundances of key commensal genera, and overgrowth by one bacterial generation, a state known as dysbiosis. Increasing evidences indicate that microbiota-derived components can reach the systemic circulation from the gut and modulate immune homeostasis.